

 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-CA">
<head>
   
    <!-- https://www.rbcgam.com/en/en/ca/profile/donald-sanya/detail -->
<!-- first else -->
	
<script >
    //main-dataLayer
    window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];

               let QueryParamsObj = {};
            for (let pair of new URLSearchParams(window.location.search)) {
                QueryParamsObj[pair[0]] = pair[1];
            }
                                                                       const requiredKeys = ['currency','date','region','sort','sortorder','strategy','tab','type'];

            requiredKeys.forEach(key => {
                if (!QueryParamsObj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                    QueryParamsObj[key] = undefined;
                }
            });

            
            window.dataLayer.push (Object.assign({
    'page_redirect': '',
    'page_country': 'ca',
    'page_region': 'na',
    'page_language': 'en',
    'page_channel': 'public',
    'page_category': 'Person',
    'page_subcategory': 'detail',
    'page_type': 'individualInvestor'
    }, QueryParamsObj))
            
                        
            // GOOGLE ANALYTICS 4
                    window.dataLayer.push({
            'page_country':'ca',
            'page_region':'na',
            'page_language':'en',
            'page_channel':'public',
                            'page_category': 'Person',
                'page_subcategory':'detail',
                        'page_breadcrumb':'Person/detail',
            'user_type':'individualInvestor',
            'page_LOB':'RBCGAM_3',
            'attribute_1':undefined ,
            'user_multiaccess':undefined ,
            'user_territory': ''? '': undefined,
            
                            'content_type': undefined,
                'content_name': undefined,
                        
                        
                                'publication':undefined,
                    'content_author':undefined,
                            
                'content_id':'2c9a554d679328a125ce73841c7bdb7a',
                
                                        'content_date':undefined,
                            
                'GAM_AdvisorId':undefined,
                'GAM_AdvisorTerritory':undefined,
                'GAM_DealerCode':undefined,
                'GAM_RoleID': undefined,
            
                        ...QueryParamsObj})
</script>    
    
    
        <meta charset="utf-8"/>
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy"/>
        <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate"/>
        <meta http-equiv="Pragma" content="no-cache"/>
        <meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0"/>
        <!-- https://www.rbcgam.com/en/en/ca/profile/donald-sanya/detail -->
<!-- first else -->
	         <title>Donald Sanya CFA</title>
        <meta name="description" content="Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer, RBC Global Asset Management (U.S.) Inc."/>


        <meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.rbcgam.com/en/en/ca/profile/donald-sanya/detail" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Donald Sanya CFA"/>
<!-- for linkedin and twitter -->
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.rbcgam.com/contentAsset/image/fceac365e77eb7c017d529c98e0bd82c/fileAsset/filter/Resize/resize_w/180" />
<!-- for facebook -->
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.rbcgam.com/contentAsset/image/fceac365e77eb7c017d529c98e0bd82c/fileAsset/filter/Resize/resize_h/200" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer, RBC Global Asset Management (U.S.) Inc." />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="RBC Global Asset Management" />
                                                                                                                                                                         <link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="crossorigin" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com">
        <link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="crossorigin" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com">
        <link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="crossorigin" href="https://www.google-analytics.com">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/fonts/roboto/roboto-v19-latin-regular.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/fonts/roboto/roboto-v19-latin-500.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/fonts/roboto/roboto-v19-latin-700.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/src/fonts/fa-regular-400.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/src/fonts/fa-solid-900.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/src/fonts/fa-brands-400.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/css/bootstrap-grid.min.css" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/css/roboto.min.css" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/dist/gam/gam.min.css" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/dist/wm/wm.min.js" as="script">
        <link rel="prefetch" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/dist/gam/charts/index.min.js" as="script">
        <link rel="preload" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/one-trust.css" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/main.css?v5" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/rbcgam-styles-enhancement" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/fonts/rbc-display/rbcdisplay-regular-webfont.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/css/bootstrap-grid.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
        <link href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/css/roboto.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/dist/gam/gam.min.css">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/images/logos/rbc-gam-logo-en.svg" as="image">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/main.css?v5">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/one-trust.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/rbcgam-styles-enhancement.css">

        
                                                                                                                                                  <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/js/vue.js" as="script">
                        <script src="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/js/vue.js"></script>
                                                          <script src="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/dist/wm/wm.min.js"></script>
                                                <script>
                         
                var vueData = vueData || {};                 var vueComputed = vueComputed || {};                 var vueWatch = vueWatch || {};                 var vueMethods = vueMethods || {};                 var vueMounted = vueMounted || [];         </script>         
<!-- isForDiffSite: true -->

        
        <style>         
        
        #ot-sdk-btn.ot-sdk-show-settings, #ot-sdk-btn.optanon-show-settings {
            border: none !important; 
            padding: 0 !important;
            color: white !important;
            font-size: 0.875rem !important;
        }
        #ot-sdk-btn.ot-sdk-show-settings:hover, #ot-sdk-btn.optanon-show-settings:hover {
            background-color: transparent !important;
            border-bottom: 1px solid white !important;
        }
        
        .hero-content-aside {                 width: 100%;                 height: auto;         }         [v-cloak]{                 display: none;         }         </style> 
                                        
        <noscript>
                <style>
                        [v-cloak]{
                                display: block !important;
                        }
                        #raptorWrap {
                                display: none !important;
                                visibility: hidden !important;
                                height: 0px !important;
                                width: 0px !important;
                        }
                    
                </style>
        </noscript>
        <!-- R:  / upt = individualinvestor -->
        <!-- Google Tag Manager Data Layer -->
        
        
<script>
    async function loadOneTrustScript() {
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        const script = document.createElement("script");
        const env = window?.host_variable?.environment || "production";
        let scriptSrc = "https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/75c21a75-8c61-41b5-bbb4-220ec5be96cc/otSDKStub.js";
        if (env === "staging") {
          scriptSrc = "https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/75c21a75-8c61-41b5-bbb4-220ec5be96cc-test/otSDKStub.js";
        }
        script.src = scriptSrc;
        script.id = "onetrust-policy-sdk";
        script.type = "text/javascript";
        script.charset = "UTF-8";
        script.dataset.documentLanguage = "true";
        script.dataset.domainScript = scriptSrc.includes("-test")
          ? "75c21a75-8c61-41b5-bbb4-220ec5be96cc-test"
          : "75c21a75-8c61-41b5-bbb4-220ec5be96cc";
        script.onload = resolve;
        script.onerror = reject;
        document.body.appendChild(script);
      });
    }

    document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
      const modalAlert = document.querySelector('[role="alertdialog"]');
      if (modalAlert) {
        modalAlert.setAttribute("role", "dialog");
      }
    });

    window.onload = async () => {
      try {
        await loadOneTrustScript();
        console.log("OneTrust script loaded successfully.");
      } catch (error) {
        console.error("Failed to load OneTrust script", error);
      }
    };

    document.addEventListener('keydown', (event) => {
      if (event.key === 'Escape' || event.keyCode === 27) {
        const modal = document.getElementById('onetrust-pc-sdk');
        if (modal && window.getComputedStyle(modal).display !== 'none') {
          const closeButton = document.getElementById('close-pc-btn-handler');
          if (closeButton) {
            document.getElementById('openCookieSettings').focus();
            closeButton.click();
          }
        }
      }
    });

    function setInertOnBackground() {
    const ids = ["main", "globalNavRoot", "footers", "footerDisclaimerRoot"];
    ids.forEach(id => {
        const el = document.getElementById(id);
        if (el) {
        el.setAttribute("inert", "");
        }
    });
    }

    function removeInertFromBackground() {
    const ids = ["main", "globalNavRoot", "footers", "footerDisclaimerRoot"];
    ids.forEach(id => {
        const el = document.getElementById(id);
        if (el) {
        el.removeAttribute("inert");
        }
    });
    }

    document.addEventListener("click", function(event) {
    const closeBtn = event.target.closest("#close-pc-btn-handler");
    const openCookieSettingsBtn = event.target.closest("#openCookieSettings");
        if (closeBtn) {
            removeInertFromBackground();
            document.getElementById('openCookieSettings').focus();
        } 
        if (openCookieSettingsBtn) {
            setInertOnBackground();
        }
    });
  </script>

<script type="text/javascript">
    function OptanonWrapper() { }
</script>

        <!-- Google Tag Manager version 4 -->
        <script>
                var dataLayer=window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];dataLayer.push({"LOB":"RBCGAM_3"});
                (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});
                        var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-P5P6H55');
        </script>
        <!-- End Google Tag Manager -->

</head>


<!-- 1 Person $URLMapContent.fundCompany.selectValue $URLMapContent.fundCompany -->
<body>
<noscript>
        <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P5P6H55" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe>
</noscript>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<script>
        //frame busting - prevent clickjacking
        if (self == top) {
                document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].style.display = "block";
        } else {
                top.location = self.location;
        }
</script>
<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
        <div class="content-wrap">
        <div id="app">
                    

 <aside>
<aside>
    <a class="skip-main" aria-label="Skip to cookie banner" href="#onetrust-policy-sdk">Skip to Cookie Banner</a>
    <a class="skip-main" aria-label="Skip to main content" href="#main">Skip to content</a>
    <a class="skip-main" aria-label="Skip to footer" href="#footers">Skip to footer</a>
</aside>
<div v-cloak>
<rbc-mega-menu
	ref="megamenu"
	:active-menu="activeMenuItem"
	:contrast-toggle="false"
	:links="nav.links"
	:flag-text="nav.flagText"
	:active-language="nav.currentLanguage"
	:languages="nav.languages"
	:secondary-links="nav.secondaryLinks"
	search-text="Search"
	search-placeholder="Enter search term and press enter to see all results"
	:show-search-results="searchResults.length > 0"
	:user-greeting="nav.userGreeting"
	:user-greeting-link="nav.userGreetingLink"
	:user-links="nav.userLinks"
	logo="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/images/logos/rbc-gam-logo-en.svg"
	logo-link="/en/ca/"
	data-location="Main navigation"
	@languageupdated="toggleLanguage"
	@searchtermchanged="megaSearch"
	@searchsidenavsubmitted="mobileSearch"
	@keyup="megaSearchKeyUp"
	@voiceclicked="searchToggled"
>
	<div slot="nav.products">
		<div class="row">
  <div  key="nav.products.mutualfunds" class="col-md-3" > <span class="mega-menu-content-header"> 	Mutual funds </span>   <!-- navsec: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds' title='nav.products.mutualfunds'>nav.products.mutualfunds</a> -->
<ul class="mega-menu-content-items"> 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/index' title='Mutual funds list'>Mutual funds list</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="Mutual funds list" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			style="font-weight: 500;"  			href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/index" 			title="Mutual funds list" 		> 			Mutual funds list              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/about' title='nav.products.aboutmutualfunds'>nav.products.aboutmutualfunds</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.products.aboutmutualfunds" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/about/" 			title="About RBC mutual funds" 		> 			About RBC mutual funds              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-fixed-income-pools' title='RBC Fixed Income Pools'>RBC Fixed Income Pools</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="RBC Fixed Income Pools" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-fixed-income-pools" 			title="RBC Fixed Income Pools" 		> 			RBC Fixed Income Pools              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-portfolio-solutions' title='nav.products.rbcportfoliosolutions'>nav.products.rbcportfoliosolutions</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.products.rbcportfoliosolutions" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-portfolio-solutions/" 			title="RBC Portfolio Solutions" 		> 			RBC Portfolio Solutions              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/investment-recommendations' title='Investment recommendations'>Investment recommendations</a> -->
	 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-investment-savings-account' title='RBC Investment Savings Account'>RBC Investment Savings Account</a> -->
	 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='https://rbcpcb.seismic.com/x5/doccenter.aspx#/doccenter/2b6046c0-9617-4155-8cde-220c18bf158e/main/%252Fdd88863eb4-9454-4142-bdcb-2ffbaa38787d%252Fddfb1c85fc-df84-44ae-8a2b-f6dbf02df156%252Fdd87874b32-5f1b-46ed-88db-1d261b9c5130/grid/title' title='RBC Investment Advantage'>RBC Investment Advantage</a> -->
	 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-indigo-funds' title='RBC Indigo Funds'>RBC Indigo Funds</a> -->
	 	 	 </ul>  </div>    <div  key="nav.products.etfs" class="col-md-3" > <span class="mega-menu-content-header"> 	ETFs </span>   <!-- navsec: <a href='/ca/products/etfs' title='nav.products.etfs'>nav.products.etfs</a> -->
<ul class="mega-menu-content-items"> 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/etfs/index' title='ETFs list'>ETFs list</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="ETFs list" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			style="font-weight: 500;"  			href="/en/ca/products/etfs/index" 			title="ETFs list" 		> 			ETFs list              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/etfs/rbc-ishares' title='About RBC iShares ETFs'>About RBC iShares ETFs</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="About RBC iShares ETFs" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/etfs/rbc-ishares" 			title="About RBC iShares ETFs" 		> 			About RBC iShares ETFs              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/etfs/etf-investment-strategies' title='nav.products.etfinvestmentstrategies'>nav.products.etfinvestmentstrategies</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.products.etfinvestmentstrategies" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/etfs/etf-investment-strategies/" 			title="ETF investment strategies" 		> 			ETF investment strategies              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 </ul>  </div>    <div  key="nav.products.alternativeinvestments" class="col-md-3" > <span class="mega-menu-content-header"> 	Alternative investments </span>   <!-- navsec: <a href='/ca/products/alternative-investments' title='nav.products.alternativeinvestments'>nav.products.alternativeinvestments</a> -->
<ul class="mega-menu-content-items"> 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/alternative-investments/index' title='Alternative investments list'>Alternative investments list</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="Alternative investments list" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			style="font-weight: 500;"  			href="/en/ca/products/alternative-investments/index" 			title="Alternative investments list" 		> 			Alternative investments list              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/alternative-investments/about' title='nav.products.aboutalternativeinvestments'>nav.products.aboutalternativeinvestments</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.products.aboutalternativeinvestments" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/alternative-investments/about/" 			title="About RBC alternative investments" 		> 			About RBC alternative investments              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 </ul>  </div>   								</div>
															</div>
	<div slot="nav.learnplan">
		<div class="row">
  <div  key="nav.learnplan.typesofinvestments" class="col-md-3" > <span class="mega-menu-content-header"> 	Types of investments </span>   <!-- navsec: <a href='/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments' title='nav.learnplan.typesofinvestments'>nav.learnplan.typesofinvestments</a> -->
<ul class="mega-menu-content-items"> 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/mutual-funds' title='nav.learnplan.whataremutualfunds'>nav.learnplan.whataremutualfunds</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.learnplan.whataremutualfunds" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/mutual-funds/" 			title="All about mutual funds" 		> 			All about mutual funds              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/etfs' title='nav.learnplan.whatareetfs'>nav.learnplan.whatareetfs</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.learnplan.whatareetfs" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/etfs/" 			title="ETF Learning Centre" 		> 			ETF Learning Centre              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 </ul>  </div>    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Retirement resource centre', 	name: 'Retirement resource centre', 	link: '/en/ca/learn-plan/retirement-resources', 	title: 'Retirement resource centre', 	summary: 'Your one-stop retirement resource centre. Learn about all phases of the retirement journey -- from starting early to living in retirement.', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Investment basics', 	name: 'Investment basics', 	link: '/en/ca/learn-plan/investment-basics', 	title: 'Investment basics', 	summary: 'Learn about the basic principles of investing to make smarter decisions about your money.', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Investment strategies', 	name: 'Investment strategies', 	link: '/en/ca/learn-plan/investment-strategies', 	title: 'Investment strategies', 	summary: 'Learn strategies to help you identify your goals and gain a deeper understanding of the investing world.', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	     								</div>
																						<div class="text-right mt-1">
			<a class="link-chev" href="/en/ca/learn-plan/index">
				View all learn & plan articles
			</a>
		</div>
			</div>
	<div slot="nav.aboutus">
		<div class="row">
  	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Our story', 	name: 'Our story', 	link: '/en/ca/about-us/our-story', 	title: 'Our story', 	summary: '', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Responsible investment', 	name: 'Responsible investment', 	link: '/en/ca/about-us/ri', 	title: 'Responsible investment', 	summary: '', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Our teams', 	name: 'Our teams', 	link: '/en/ca/about-us/our-teams', 	title: 'Our teams', 	summary: '', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'RBC iShares', 	name: 'RBC iShares', 	link: '/en/ca/about-us/about-rbc-ishares', 	title: 'RBC iShares', 	summary: '', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Leadership', 	name: 'Leadership', 	link: '/en/ca/about-us/leadership', 	title: 'Leadership', 	summary: '', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	   								</div>
																							</div>
	<div slot="search-results" data-location="Mega search">
			    <table class="table table-border-horizontal mega-menu-search-results-item table-hover">
	        <tbody>
				<tr v-for="(r, i) in searchResults" @click.prevent="megaSearchResultClick(r, $event)">
					<td :class="{'b-blue-tint-5': i == searchResultsActive}" class="px-0"><rbc-tag class="mx-0 nowrap" size="small" v-text="(r.type == 'mf')? 'Mutual fund' : 'ETF'"></rbc-tag></td>
										<td :class="{'b-blue-tint-5': i == searchResultsActive}"><a :href="(r.type == 'mf')? '/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/' : '/en/ca/products/etfs/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/'">{{r.fundCode}}</a></td>
					<td :class="{'b-blue-tint-5': i == searchResultsActive}"><a :href="(r.type == 'mf')? '/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/' : '/en/ca/products/etfs/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/'">{{r.fundName}}</a></td>
					<td :class="{'b-blue-tint-5': i == searchResultsActive}" v-html="r.series">{{r.series}}</td>
					<td :class="{'b-blue-tint-5': i == searchResultsActive}" v-html="r.assetClass">{{r.assetClass}}</td>
									</tr>
			</tbody>
	    </table>
	    <ul class="list-links">
	        <li class="mega-menu-search-results-item">
	            <component :is="searchTerm != ''? 'a': 'span'" :href="searchAllLink" class="link-chev">See all results</component>
	        </li>
	        <li class="mega-menu-search-results-item">
	            <component :is="searchTerm != ''? 'a': 'span'" :href="searchProductLink" class="link-chev">See results in Products</component>
	        </li>
	        <li class="mega-menu-search-results-item">
	        	<component :is="searchTerm != ''? 'a': 'span'" :href="searchInsightLink" class="link-chev">See results in Insights</component>
	        </li>
	    </ul>
	</div>
</rbc-mega-menu>
</div>
<div v-cloak>
	<rbc-modal
		:active="isharesModalIsActive"
		button-cancel="Close"
		button-size="medium"
		class="ishares"
		@toggle="isharesModalIsActive = false"
	>
		<div 
			slot="header"
			class="w-100 d-flex justify-content-between"
		>
			<img src="/_assets/images/logos/rbc-ishares-logo.svg" alt="RBC iShares" class="ishares-logo">
			<button 
				aria-label="Close"
				class="modal-close"
				@click="isharesModalIsActive = false"
			>
				<rbc-icon
					role="presentation"
					icon="times"
				/>
			</button>
		</div>
		<h2 class="h3">
			Welcome to the new RBC iShares digital experience.
		</h2>
		<p class="mt-1">
			Find all things ETFs here: <a href="/en/ca/products/etfs/etf-investment-strategies/">investment strategies</a>, <a href="/en/ca/products/etfs/">products</a>, <a href="/en/ca/insights/etf-insights">insights</a> and more.
		</p>

	</rbc-modal>
</div>                                    <!-- main container here -->
                                                                                                                                            
                                                                        <main id="main" v-cloak class="content-wrapper content-detail">
                                                                <rbc-hero
	:breadcrumb="[{text: 'Profile'}, {text: 'Donald Sanya, CFA'}]"
	border
	avatar-image="/_assets/images/person/avatar/donald-sanya.jpg"
	avatar-size="xxlarge"
	subtitle="Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer, RBC Global Asset Management (U.S.) Inc."
	title="Donald Sanya, CFA"
	class="px-0"
></rbc-hero>
<rbc-block class="content-body section-block-sm-filler">
	<div class="row">
		<div class="col-lg-8">
			<article class="section-block">
				<p>Donald is a managing director and CEO of RBC Global Asset Management (US) Inc. (RBC GAM-US). In this role, he heads RBC GAM’s U.S. business with accountability and oversight of all institutional businesses and teams, as well as service and distribution of all investment solutions to U.S.-based clients. Donald is also a member of the RBC GAM Leadership Committee and serves on the Board of Directors of RBC GAM-US, as well as the Business Executive Committee for Royal Bank of Canada’s overall U.S. businesses. Prior to taking on this role, he was the head of U.S. Distribution responsible for oversight over all Institutional client and sales efforts in the U.S. Donald is registered as an Associated Person and Branch Manager with the National Futures Association. Prior to joining the organization in 2014, he was responsible for developing and managing relationships for a major asset management firm's Institutional Client Business group, where he assisted investors with portfolio allocations across traditional and alternative asset classes. Donald began his career in the financial industry in 2005. Donald holds a Bachelor of Arts in Economics, Business, and Mathematics from Gordon College. He is also a CFA® and CAIA® charterholder and holds FINRA Series 3, 30, 7 and 63 licenses.</p>

						</article>
										</div>
		<aside class="col-lg-4 section-block-sm" data-location="Save this article sidebar">
					<div class="section-block-spacer" data-location="Share this article sidebar">
				<h4 class="h3 mb-half">
					Share this profile
				</h4>
		<a 
	v-for="media in Object.keys(socialSharingLink)" 
	v-if="socialSharingLink[media] && media != 'email' && media != 'twitter'"
	:href="socialSharingLink[media]" 
	class="link-icon mr-1"
	target="_blank"
>
	<rbc-icon 
    	type="solid"
    	size="lg"
    	:icon="(media == 'facebook')? 'facebook-f': (media == 'twitter')? 'twitter' : (media == 'linkedin')? 'linkedin-in' : (media == 'email')? 'envelope': ''"
	></rbc-icon>
</a>

<a 
	v-for="media in Object.keys(socialSharingLink)" 
	v-if="socialSharingLink[media] && media =='twitter'"
	:href="socialSharingLink['twitter']"
	class="link-icon mr-1"
	target="_blank"
>
	<div class="icon-wrapper fa-lg">
    		<svg class="icon x-twitter-icon" role="img" aria-label="twitter" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="16" width="16" viewBox="0 0 470 470">
    		    <path class="x-twitter-path" fill="#006ac3" d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z"/>
            </svg>
    </div>
</a>

<a 
	v-for="media in Object.keys(socialSharingLink)" 
	v-if="socialSharingLink[media] && media =='email'"
	:href="socialSharingLink[media]" 
	class="link-icon mr-1"
	target="_blank"
>
    <rbc-icon 
    	type="solid"
    	size="lg"
    	icon="envelope"
    ></rbc-icon>
</a>			</div>
		</aside>
	</div>
</rbc-block>
<rbc-block title="​Our executive team" grey> 
	<div class="row">
						<div class="col-md-4 section-block-spacer-sm">
			<rbc-caption 
								image="/_assets/images/people/avatars/Damon-William-740x740.jpg"
								text="Damon Williams"
				avatar-align="top"
				avatar-size="large"
				class="section-block-spacer-sm"
				link="/en/ca/profile/damon-williams/detail"
			>
				Chief Executive Officer
			</rbc-caption>
		</div>
				<div class="col-md-4 section-block-spacer-sm">
			<rbc-caption 
								image="/_assets/images/people/avatars/Melanie-Adams-740x740.jpg"
								text="Melanie Adams"
				avatar-align="top"
				avatar-size="large"
				class="section-block-spacer-sm"
				link="/en/ca/profile/melanie-adams/detail"
			>
				Managing Director & Head, Responsible Investment
			</rbc-caption>
		</div>
				<div class="col-md-4 section-block-spacer-sm">
			<rbc-caption 
								image="/_assets/images/people/avatars/dan-chornous.jpg"
								text="Daniel E. Chornous"
				avatar-align="top"
				avatar-size="large"
				class="section-block-spacer-sm"
				link="/en/ca/profile/daniel-e-chronous/detail"
			>
				Global Chief Investment Officer
			</rbc-caption>
		</div>
				<div class="col-md-4 section-block-spacer-sm">
			<rbc-caption 
								image="/_assets/images/people/avatars/doug-coulter.jpg"
								text="Doug Coulter"
				avatar-align="top"
				avatar-size="large"
				class="section-block-spacer-sm"
				link="/en/ca/profile/doug-coulter/detail"
			>
				Managing Director, President and Head, Individual Investor Business<br>
			</rbc-caption>
		</div>
				<div class="col-md-4 section-block-spacer-sm">
			<rbc-caption 
								image="/_assets/images/people/avatars/mark-dowding.jpg"
								text="Mark Dowding"
				avatar-align="top"
				avatar-size="large"
				class="section-block-spacer-sm"
				link="/en/ca/profile/mark-dowding/detail"
			>
				Managing Director, Senior Portfolio Manager & Chief Investment Officer, BlueBay Fixed Income, RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited
			</rbc-caption>
		</div>
				<div class="col-md-4 section-block-spacer-sm">
			<rbc-caption 
								image="/_assets/images/people/avatars/Fieldhouse-Jayne-740x740.jpg"
								text="Jayne Fieldhouse"
				avatar-align="top"
				avatar-size="large"
				class="section-block-spacer-sm"
				link="/en/ca/profile/jayne-fieldhouse/detail"
			>
				Managing Director and Head of Global Institutional Marketing,<br>
RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited
			</rbc-caption>
		</div>
				<div class="col-md-4 section-block-spacer-sm">
			<rbc-caption 
								image="/_assets/images/people/avatars/fijalkowski_dagmara_256x256.jpg"
								text="Dagmara Fijalkowski"
				avatar-align="top"
				avatar-size="large"
				class="section-block-spacer-sm"
				link="/en/ca/profile/dagmara-fijalkowski/detail"
			>
				Managing Director, Senior Portfolio Manager & Head of Global Fixed Income & Currencies
			</rbc-caption>
		</div>
				<div class="col-md-4 section-block-spacer-sm">
			<rbc-caption 
								image="/_assets/images/people/avatars/Gerth-Erich-740x740.jpg"
								text="Erich Gerth"
				avatar-align="top"
				avatar-size="large"
				class="section-block-spacer-sm"
				link="/en/ca/profile/erich-gerth/detail"
			>
				Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer, RBC BlueBay Asset Management, RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited
			</rbc-caption>
		</div>
				<div class="col-md-4 section-block-spacer-sm">
			<rbc-caption 
								image="/_assets/images/people/avatars/Matthew-Graham-740x740.jpg"
								text="Matthew Graham"
				avatar-align="top"
				avatar-size="large"
				class="section-block-spacer-sm"
				link="/en/ca/profile/matthew-graham/detail"
			>
				Managing Director and Chief Operating Officer<br>
			</rbc-caption>
		</div>
				<div class="col-md-4 section-block-spacer-sm">
			<rbc-caption 
								image="/_assets/images/people/avatars/stu-kedwell.jpg"
								text="Stuart Kedwell"
				avatar-align="top"
				avatar-size="large"
				class="section-block-spacer-sm"
				link="/en/ca/profile/stuart-kedwell/detail"
			>
				Managing Director, Senior Portfolio Manager & Global Head of Equities
			</rbc-caption>
		</div>
				<div class="col-md-4 section-block-spacer-sm">
			<rbc-caption 
								image="/_assets/images/people/avatars/alison-la-rocque-500x500.jpg"
								text="Alison LaRocque"
				avatar-align="top"
				avatar-size="large"
				class="section-block-spacer-sm"
				link="/en/ca/profile/alison-larocque/detail"
			>
				Managing Director, GAM Strategy
			</rbc-caption>
		</div>
				<div class="col-md-4 section-block-spacer-sm">
			<rbc-caption 
								image="/_assets/images/people/avatars/eric-romer.jpg"
								text="Eric Romer"
				avatar-align="top"
				avatar-size="large"
				class="section-block-spacer-sm"
				link="/en/ca/profile/eric-romer/detail"
			>
				Managing Director and Head of Human Resources<br>
			</rbc-caption>
		</div>
				<div class="col-md-4 section-block-spacer-sm">
			<rbc-caption 
								image="/_assets/images/person/avatar/donald-sanya.jpg"
								text="Donald Sanya"
				avatar-align="top"
				avatar-size="large"
				class="section-block-spacer-sm"
				link="/en/ca/profile/donald-sanya/detail"
			>
				Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer, RBC Global Asset Management (U.S.) Inc.
			</rbc-caption>
		</div>
				<div class="col-md-4 section-block-spacer-sm">
			<rbc-caption 
								image="/_assets/images/people/avatars/Tennier-Craig-740x740.jpg"
								text="Craig Tennier"
				avatar-align="top"
				avatar-size="large"
				class="section-block-spacer-sm"
				link="/en/ca/profile/craig-tennier/detail"
			>
				Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer, RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited
			</rbc-caption>
		</div>
				<div class="col-md-4 section-block-spacer-sm">
			<rbc-caption 
								image="/_assets/images/person/avatar/erick-zanker.jpg"
								text="Erick Zanker"
				avatar-align="top"
				avatar-size="large"
				class="section-block-spacer-sm"
				link="/en/ca/profile/erick-zanker/detail"
			>
				Managing Director and Head of PH&N Institutional
			</rbc-caption>
		</div>
			</div>
</rbc-block>
<script type="application/javascript">
	document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () {
		const hash = decodeURIComponent(window.location.hash.substring(1));

		if (hash) {
			document.querySelectorAll("[data-location]").forEach(section => {
				const formattedDataLocation = section.getAttribute("data-location")
						.toLowerCase()
						.replace(/\s+/g, "-");

				if (formattedDataLocation === hash) {
					section.setAttribute("id", hash);

					setTimeout(() => {
						window.scrollBy({ top: -40, left: 0, behavior: "instant" });
					}, 100);
				}
			});
		}
	});
</script>


                            </main>
                                                                                    <footer v-cloak id="footers" class="footer style-focus-inverted"><div class="footer-top" data-location="Footer menu"><div class="container"><div class="row"><h2 class="sr-only">Footer</h2>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6"><h3 class="footer-header">Products
</h3><ul class="list-links footer-list"><li><a href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/" >Mutual funds</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/etfs/index" >RBC iShares ETFs</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/alternative-investments/" >Alternative investments</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6"><h3 class="footer-header">Investor information
</h3><ul class="list-links footer-list"><li><a href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/?tab=documents&fundfacts=true" >Fund facts (mutual funds)</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/etfs/index?tab=documents&fundfacts=true" >Fund facts (RBC iShares ETFs)</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/pfic-reporting" >PFIC reporting</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/financial-reports-prospectuses" >Regulatory documents</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/fund-governance/" >Fund governance</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/proxy-voting/" >Proxy voting</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/unclaimed-property" >Unclaimed property</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/important-investor-information" >Important investor information</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6"><h3 class="footer-header">About RBC GAM</h3><ul class="list-links footer-list"><li><a href="/en/global/corporate-story/" >Our story</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/about-us/news-releases" >Media centre</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/about-us/contact-us" >Contact us</a></li><li><a href="https://jobs.rbc.com/ca/en" target="_blank" class="link-ext">Careers</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6"><h3 class="footer-header">Investing
</h3><ul class="list-links footer-list"><li><a href="/en/ca/about-us/ready-to-invest" >Ready to invest?</a></li></ul></div>	</div></div></div><div class="footer-bottom" data-location="Footer copyright"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-9 mb-lg-0 mb-1"><span class="d-block">
<sup>®</sup> / <sup>TM</sup> Trademark(s) of Royal Bank of Canada. Used under licence. iSHARES is a registered trademark of BlackRock, Inc., or its subsidiaries in the United States and elsewhere. Used under licence. © 2025 RBC Global Asset Management Inc. and BlackRock Asset Management Canada Limited. All rights reserved.
</span>
<ul class="list-separator footer-list-separator mt-half">
         <li>        <a href="https://www.rbc.com/privacysecurity/" target="_blank" class="link-ext">Privacy & security</a>    </li>              <li>        <a href="https://www.rbc.com/legal/" target="_blank" class="link-ext">Legal</a>    </li>              <li>        <a href="http://www.rbc.com/accessibility/" target="_blank" class="link-ext">Accessibility</a>    </li>              <li>        <a href="/en/ca/terms-and-conditions" >Terms and conditions</a>    </li>                         <li>            <!-- OneTrust Cookies Settings button start -->
        <a aria-label="Advertising & Cookies" id="openCookieSettings" role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="openCookieSettings(event);">Advertising & Cookies</a>            <!-- OneTrust Cookies Settings button end --> 
        </li>                      <li>        <a href="https://www.rbc.com/" target="_blank" class="link-ext">About RBC</a>    </li>     </ul></div><div class="col-lg-3 mt-lg-0 mt-2 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-end"><ul class="list-inline footer-social-list">
<li class="footer-social-item"><a  href="https://twitter.com/rbcgamnews"  target="_blank" class="footer-social-link"rel="noreferrer"aria-label="Twitter"
><svg class="icon x-twitter-icon" aria-label="twitter" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="18" width="18" viewBox="0 0 470 470">
    		    <path class="x-twitter-path" fill="#fff" d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z"/>
            </svg></a></li>
<li class="footer-social-item"><a href="https://linkedin.com/company/rbc-global-asset-management" target="_blank" class="footer-social-link"rel="noreferrer"><rbc-icon icon="linkedin-in"></rbc-icon></a></li></ul><rbc-button outline
link="#"size="small" color="white">Back to top</rbc-button></div></div></div></div></footer><div v-if="raptors" v-cloak id="raptorWrap" style="z-index: 999999999" aria-hidden="true"> <div id="chompOverlay"></div><svg id="raptor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 500 800"> <g id="tail" style="transform-origin: 190px 510px"> <path class="f-warm-red" d="M218.42 439.5s-90.22 28.15-132.08.65c-38.08-25.03-39.61-63.65-58.63-60.86S13.3 466.14 54.64 508.94s113.12 55.49 155.78 65.56z"/> <path class="f-dark-grey" d="M115.46 515.25l30.93 38.2-42.72-16.82 11.79-21.38zM82.09 497.83c.54 2.6 8.03 32.15 8.03 32.15l-23.49-15.41zM55.42 473.62l.2 27-17.81-20.64 17.61-6.36zM41.18 444.12l-7.1 24.46-10.07-29.01 17.17 4.55zM34.18 410.4L23.9 426.07l-1.72-21.28 11.99 5.63z"/> </g> <g id="legLeft" style="transform-origin: 265px 495px"> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-3" d="M326.13 667.83a10.88 10.88 0 0 1 9.45 4.7c2.26 3.28 6.81 9.97 15.84 9.97 20 0 27-5 42 3 14.32 7.64 14.26 29.46 10.02 43.58-3.26 10.88-9.88 15.06-12.75 16.4a5.76 5.76 0 0 1-2.44.55h-141.6a5.69 5.69 0 0 1-4.6-2.36c-1.89-2.59-3.63-11.17-3.63-24.17a358.12 358.12 0 0 1 2.28-41.94 7.26 7.26 0 0 1 6.88-6.27z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark-1" d="M243.28 750.5h150.28a2.24 2.24 0 0 0 1.88-2.47l.98-4.06a2.24 2.24 0 0 0-1.88-2.47H242.3a2.24 2.24 0 0 0-1.88 2.47l.98 4.06a2.24 2.24 0 0 0 1.88 2.47z"/> <rect class="f-warm-red-dark-1" x="332.44" y="674.92" width="13" height="25.38" rx="3.81" ry="3.81" transform="rotate(-152.95 338.94 687.6)"/> <rect class="f-warm-red-dark-1" x="353.26" y="679.49" width="13" height="24.93" rx="3.81" ry="3.81" transform="rotate(-176.16 359.76 691.96)"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark-1" d="M330.75 623.9v49.43s-5.25 14.6-49.33 16.17c-28 1-36.77-12-36.77-12l-2.87-55z"/> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-3" d="M321.28 485.18l13.7 140.14s-12.7 7.06-49.42 7.06-45.19-7.06-45.19-7.06l4.24-135.94z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M285.56 622.5c31.97 0 45.73-4.92 48.76-6.2l.66 9.02s-12.7 7.06-49.42 7.06-45.19-7.06-45.19-7.06l.35-9.08c1.9 1.14 12.2 6.26 44.84 6.26z"/> </g> <g id="legRight" style="transform-origin: 265px 495px"> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-2" d="M255.13 682.83a10.88 10.88 0 0 1 9.45 4.7c2.26 3.28 6.81 9.97 15.84 9.97 20 0 27-5 42 3 14.32 7.64 14.26 29.46 10.02 43.58-3.26 10.88-9.88 15.06-12.75 16.4a5.76 5.76 0 0 1-2.44.55h-141.6a5.69 5.69 0 0 1-4.6-2.36c-1.89-2.59-3.63-11.17-3.63-24.17a358.12 358.12 0 0 1 2.28-41.94 7.26 7.26 0 0 1 6.88-6.27z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M172.28 765.5h150.28a2.24 2.24 0 0 0 1.88-2.47l.98-4.06a2.24 2.24 0 0 0-1.88-2.47H171.3a2.24 2.24 0 0 0-1.88 2.47l.98 4.06a2.24 2.24 0 0 0 1.88 2.47z"/> <rect class="f-warm-red-dark" x="261.44" y="689.92" width="13" height="25.38" rx="3.81" ry="3.81" transform="rotate(-152.95 267.94 702.6)"/> <rect class="f-warm-red-dark" x="282.26" y="694.49" width="13" height="24.93" rx="3.81" ry="3.81" transform="scale(-1) rotate(3.84 21111.35 -8622.34)"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M259.75 638.9v49.43s-5.25 14.6-49.33 16.17c-28 1-36.77-12-36.77-12l-2.87-55z"/> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-2" d="M250.28 500.18l13.7 140.14s-12.7 7.06-49.42 7.06-45.19-7.06-45.19-7.06l4.24-135.94z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-tint-1" d="M177.42 642.5h51l-5-146h-43l-3 146z"/> <path class="f-warm-red" d="M214.56 637.5c31.97 0 45.73-4.92 48.76-6.2l.66 9.02s-12.7 7.06-49.42 7.06-45.19-7.06-45.19-7.06l.35-9.08c1.9 1.14 12.2 6.26 44.84 6.26z"/> <circle class="f-grey-light-tint-2" cx="202.92" cy="613" r="17.5"/> </g> <g id="jersey"> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-2" d="M338.07 510.97s-28.15 15.64-71.48 17.69c-54.65 2.58-102.26-13.49-102.26-13.49s-5.37-151.01 7.21-173.67c13.88-25 23.57-35 61.88-35 35.42 0 80.33 43.1 80.33 43.1s12.53-3.68 16.21 50.11c3.58 52.32 8.1 111.26 8.1 111.26z"/> <path class="s-dark-grey" d="M338.07 504.34s-28.15 15.64-71.48 17.69c-54.65 2.58-102.26-13.49-102.26-13.49"/> <path class="s-dark-grey" d="M338.07 496.97s-28.15 15.64-71.48 17.69c-54.65 2.58-102.26-13.49-102.26-13.49"/> <path class="f-warm-red-tint-1" d="M189.42 501.74V382a29.5 29.5 0 0 1 59 0v126.87a318.99 318.99 0 0 1-59-7.13z"/> </g> <path id="neck" class="f-warm-red-dark-1" d="M314.49 308.34c.62 1.24 2.55 40.04.59 50.63a2.42 2.42 0 0 1-3.46 1.73c-12.63-6.29-41.34-28.78-89.97-38.36-22.45-4.42-25.8-7.37-25.8-14.73s-10.31-36.11-10.31-36.11z"/> <g id="head" style="transform-origin: 270px 300px"> <g id="headBottom" style="transform-origin: 175px 230px"> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-3" d="M440.92 279s2-11-2-20-7-12-10-12-5 7-7 13c-2.02 6.07-7 15-7 15zM467.08 283s1.36-11-1.36-20-4.75-12-6.79-12-3.4 7-4.75 13a143.74 143.74 0 0 1-4.76 15zM478.25 281a112.54 112.54 0 0 0-.68-20c-1.36-9-2.38-12-3.4-12s-1.7 7-2.37 13c-.69 6.07-2.38 15-2.38 15zM404.3 273.04s6.76-8.9 7.27-18.74-.81-13.87-3.49-15.23-7.62 3.98-12.12 8.43c-4.56 4.5-13.04 10.2-13.04 10.2zM374.89 254.9s5.26-9.93 3.37-19.85-4.34-13.75-7.64-14.7-7.44 5.12-11.3 10.25c-3.93 5.18-11.88 12.17-11.88 12.17zM331.91 238.52s2.3-8.95-2.26-16.27-8-9.78-11.43-9.78-5.73 5.69-8.02 10.56c-2.32 4.94-8.02 12.2-8.02 12.2z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M117.47 223.6s-1.3 36.4 22.5 61.4 83.83 28 110.5 30 90.5 18 111.45 27 49.54 5 69.54-6 42.24-31.68 46.68-37c6.66-8 4.76-25 0-26s-28.58 0-49.54-4-34.52-21.07-58.1-28c-23.82-7-36.06-13.8-70.5-10-18.1 2-57.15-12-92.4-30z"/> </g> <g id="headTop" style="transform-origin: 175px 230px"> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M450.92 95s-2-14-15-17-33.34-2-46.67 8.5l37.67 2.5z"/> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-3" d="M410.38 157.85s5.29 9.85 4.25 19.65-2.97 13.57-5.82 14.5-6.91-5.13-10.66-10.22c-3.8-5.16-11.28-12.12-11.28-12.12zM438.12 147.04s4.92 9.13 3.92 18.23-2.82 12.62-5.5 13.48-6.46-4.73-9.96-9.45c-3.54-4.78-10.53-11.22-10.53-11.22zM458.17 134.45s5.98 7.17 7.4 15.12.86 11.22-.99 12.33-6.1-3.19-9.92-6.77a103.72 103.72 0 0 0-10.78-8.2zM469.32 130.36s5.4 7.52 7.97 14.78 2.88 10 1.9 10.6-4.65-4.06-7.9-7.98c-3.28-3.97-8.76-9.41-8.76-9.41zM378.63 172.06s5.8 7.86 5.41 16.63-2.03 12.39-4.76 13.64-7.07-3.45-11.06-7.36c-4.04-3.95-11.78-8.93-11.78-8.93zM348.23 189.56s5.24 6.65 4.4 14.44-2.62 11.08-5.35 12.33-6.72-2.69-10.41-5.94c-3.73-3.3-11.04-7.3-11.04-7.3z"/> <path class="f-warm-red" d="M180.94 111c-5.72 11-27.63 16-36.2 27s-31.44 58-26.67 93 100.02-3 120.02-4 80.02-12 93.35-20 103.92-49.71 119.07-57c22.86-11 33.34-19 19.05-44-13.2-23.09-34.29-19-42.86-22s-20-2-26.67 0-48.58 13-61.92 12-16.2 2-29.53-5-41.91-11-64.77-7-55.5 12.82-62.87 27z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M426.92 112c-7 6-12.04 11-23 10-8.27-.75-23.33-6.03-30.3-8.6a.57.57 0 0 0-.53 1c5.91 4.36 18.84 13.35 27.83 15.6 10.85 2.71 19.48 3.52 27-4 5-5 5.12-19.25-1-14z"/> <path class="f-dark-grey" d="M339.42 95.5c1.42 2.83-24 18-30 18-5.06 0-7.99-9.97-11.78-14.88a1.73 1.73 0 0 1 1.08-2.74c4.88-.88 14.04-2.38 19.7-2.38 8 0 20 0 21 2z"/> <g> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M268.5 135.67a14 14 0 0 0-.15-14.2c-4.45-7.6-23.09-12.86-37.28-11.61-10.94.96-27.22 9.04-34.73 21.14-4.65 7.48-8.57 15.39-9.6 20.86-1.02 5.37 10.92-.12 15.28-1.26 4.23-1.1 66.49-14.93 66.49-14.93z"/> <path class="f-white" d="M269.77 139.26c3.2-6.56-13.47-20.25-27.94-23.7s-30.03 5.14-37.15 14.82-7.03 20.27-4.53 25.26c1.8 3.58 15.59-4.98 33.61-7.58s34.83-6.38 36-8.8z"/> <path class="f-dark-grey" d="M223.39 138.9a6.62 6.62 0 1 0-.15-13.25 6.79 6.79 0 0 0-4.46 1.73 46.31 46.31 0 0 1 1.58-9.27c6.62-2.96 14.18-4.28 21.47-2.54.7.16 1.42.36 2.14.58-2.15 2.92-5.89 7.33-5.82 13.7.05 4.33 1.65 12.3 2.71 17.12-2.32.38-4.7.75-7.1 1.1-.77.1-1.54.23-2.3.36a20.56 20.56 0 0 1-10.84-10.09 6.82 6.82 0 0 0 2.77.56z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-tint-1" d="M216.82 102.05s23.65-7.81 46.7 3.42a.55.55 0 0 1-.35 1.03c-8.7-1.9-29.45-5.38-45.1.34-13.46 4.91-23.19 14.53-28.22 20.47a.54.54 0 0 1-.88-.64c4.46-7.53 13.83-20.33 27.85-24.62z"/> <ellipse class="f-white-30" cx="230.35" cy="137.1" rx="4.77" ry="6.88"/> </g> </g> </g> <g id="armRight" style="transform-origin: 200px 375px"> <path class="f-warm-red" d="M209.86 341.5c-49.37 0-34.55 48.72-32.43 76.63 1.29 16.9 4.55 40.78 7.37 63.37s-8.5 37.51-5.9 51.58c3.7 19.9 23.28 25.79 33.17 25.79 16.94 0 38.28-9.31 39.79-21.37 1.47-11.79-5.16-28.74-1.48-32.42 4.48-4.48 16.18-2.06 15.48-15.47-.7-13.38-16.95-16.95-31.69-14 0 0-2.76-37.22 1.48-62.64 2.82-16.94 18.42-71.47-25.8-71.47z"/> <path class="s-warm-red-dark" d="M228.5 556.04c-.23-2.3 7.15-9.64 0-28.46M202.24 557.1s-5.23-18.66.05-30.65"/> </g> </svg><svg id="ball" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 130 130"> <circle class="f-dark-grey" cy="65" cx="65" r="63"/> <path class="ball" d="M9.93 30.52a63.16 63.16 0 0 1 16.76-3.68c21.39-1.95 35.56-3.72 42.12-5.26a28.96 28.96 0 0 0 14.7-8.08A51.94 51.94 0 0 0 49.6 1.86 65.2 65.2 0 0 0 9.92 30.52zM99.96 27.24a129.3 129.3 0 0 1 14.27-4.6A65.34 65.34 0 0 0 92.23 6a39.83 39.83 0 0 1-4.45 7.21 73.52 73.52 0 0 1 12.18 14.03z"/> <path class="ball" d="M9.11 98.14c3.28-7.7 11.6-21.88 31.94-37C68.9 40.43 87.63 32.36 97.09 28.42a71.08 71.08 0 0 0-11.26-12.95 31.81 31.81 0 0 1-16.33 9.05c-6.8 1.6-20.7 3.34-42.53 5.33A55.6 55.6 0 0 0 7.4 34.94a64.8 64.8 0 0 0 1.71 63.2zM101.65 29.82a119.24 119.24 0 0 1 8 14.7c7.63-1.79 14.03 1.34 18.42 4.79a64.79 64.79 0 0 0-11.72-24.1 133.8 133.8 0 0 0-14.7 4.6zM62.32.07a56.01 56.01 0 0 1 23.12 11.18 36.58 36.58 0 0 0 4.02-6.46A64.63 64.63 0 0 0 65 0c-.9 0-1.79.03-2.68.07zM116.42 104.7a64.69 64.69 0 0 0 12.66-50.53c-3.54-3.63-10.01-8.49-18.2-6.83a95.04 95.04 0 0 1 7.64 43.6 83.7 83.7 0 0 1-2.1 13.76z"/> <path class="ball" d="M107.96 48.2c-8.67 3.52-18.34 22.29-26.88 38.88-5.67 11.02-11.03 21.44-16.04 27.62a385.4 385.4 0 0 1-12.2 14.14 64.77 64.77 0 0 0 58.83-18.67 77.6 77.6 0 0 0 3.85-19.6c.72-10.5-.34-25.34-7.56-42.36z"/> <path class="ball" d="M78.4 85.7c9.17-17.83 18.65-36.24 28.34-40.26a116.62 116.62 0 0 0-7.94-14.46c-9.16 3.8-27.84 11.68-55.95 32.59-21.66 16.1-29.28 31.28-31.72 37.76a65.2 65.2 0 0 0 38.31 26.77 399.6 399.6 0 0 0 13.25-15.3c4.81-5.94 10.1-16.22 15.7-27.1z"/> </svg><svg id="net" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 246 225"> <path class="net-string" d="M138.22 54.74l-.13.15h.31l-.18-.15z"/> <path class="net-string" d="M148.29 213.56l17.64-21.93 28.98 32.42-.4-8.34c-.03-.49-2.37-48.8-2.37-79.15 0-32.4.92-57.67 12.81-87.68C216.82 18.93 238.78 7.95 239 7.85l-2.6-5.32c-.88.43-19.71 9.86-32.75 34.97l-34.03 39.1-20.49-25.47 8.05-44.83-5.82-1.04-8.13 45.28-21.9 22.94-21.9-22.94-8.12-45.28-5.83 1.04 8.05 44.83-20.5 25.47-34.02-39.1C25.97 12.4 7.14 2.96 6.25 2.53L3.66 7.85c.22.1 22.18 11.08 34.05 41.03 11.9 30.01 12.81 55.27 12.81 87.68 0 30.34-2.34 78.66-2.36 79.15l-.41 8.34 28.98-32.42 19.36 24.22 2.16-1.53 23.08-24.72 23.08 24.72 1.38 1.53zM185.9 106.3l-18.8 21.35-16.93-19.69 19.26-22.13zm.43 43.73L171 132.17l15.51-17.61a834.21 834.21 0 0 0-.17 35.46zm-81.82 10.52l16.81-18.82 16.81 18.82-16.81 19.1zm37.84-52.61l-21.03 24.16-21.03-24.16 21.03-24.46zm-24.67 28.99l-17.11 19.14-21.08-23.93 16.9-19.66zm7.28 0l21.29-24.45 16.9 19.66-21.08 23.93zm20.82-80.5l19.88 24.72-19.39 22.28-21.49-25zm-48.92 0l21 22-21.5 25L77 81.14zm-23.65 29.4l19.26 22.13-16.93 19.7-18.8-21.36zm-17.07 28.74l15.5 17.61-15.33 17.85a834.22 834.22 0 0 0-.17-35.46zm-10-59.83l23.12 26.56-14.04 17.45a179.22 179.22 0 0 0-9.07-44.01zm8.3 152.95c.41-9.4 1.07-25.52 1.52-41.87l17 21.14zm2.82-49.69l18.34-21.33 21 23.85-19.64 21.97zm39.56 49.18l-16.1-20.01 19.81-22.18 17.32 19.67zm49 0l-21.03-22.52 17.32-19.67 19.81 22.18zm19.86-24.69l-19.63-21.97 21-23.85 18.33 21.33zm4 4.47l17-21.14c.45 16.35 1.11 32.47 1.52 41.87zm17.74-88.21l-14.04-17.45 23.11-26.56a179.22 179.22 0 0 0-9.07 44z"/> <path class="net-string" d="M104.44 54.74l-.18.15h.3l-.12-.15z"/> <rect class="net-rim" y=".95" width="246" height="16" rx="8" ry="8"/> </svg></div>        </div>
    </div>

<script type="application/javascript">
// console.log('1')
    vueMounted.push(function (_self) {
        // console.log('BREADCRUMB', _self.breadcrumb.map(item => item.text).join('/'));
        for (item of _self.$children) {
            if (item._props !== undefined && item._props.breadcrumb) {
                // console.log('ITEM:', item._props.breadcrumb.map(item => item.text).join('/'));
                for(let i = 0; i <= window.dataLayer.length; i++) {
                    if (window.dataLayer[i] !== undefined && window.dataLayer[i].hasOwnProperty('page_breadcrumb')) {
                        window.dataLayer[i].page_breadcrumb = item._props.breadcrumb.map(item => item.text).join('/');
                    }
                }    
            }
            
        }
        
        
        // PASTE DELETED CODE HERE  
        
    });
    
    
    window.addEventListener('load', function() {
        for(let i = 0; i <= window.dataLayer.length; i++) {
            if (window.dataLayer[i] !== undefined && window.dataLayer[i].hasOwnProperty('page_breadcrumb')) {
                const url = new URL(window.location.href);
                const params = new URLSearchParams(url.search);
                    
                if (url.search.includes('tab')
                    || url.search.includes('series')
                    || url.search.includes('type')
                    || url.search.includes('currency')
                    || url.search.includes('region')
                    || url.search.includes('sortorder')
                    || url.search.includes('sort')
                    || url.search.includes('strategy')
                    || url.search.includes('date')
                    ) 
                {
                    window.dataLayer[i].series = params.get('series') ? params.get('series') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].type = params.get('type') ? params.get('type') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].currency = params.get('currency') ? params.get('currency') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].region = params.get('region') ? params.get('region') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].sortorder = params.get('sortorder') ? params.get('sortorder') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].sort = params.get('sort') ? params.get('sort') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].strategy = params.get('strategy') ? params.get('strategy') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].date = params.get('date') ? params.get('date') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].tab = params.get('tab') ? params.get('tab') : undefined;
                }
            }
        }
    })
    
    
</script>

<script>
vueData.raptors = false;
vueData.themeVersion = "wm2"
vueMethods.updateURL = function(paramName, paramValue, regexToExecute){ var re = new RegExp(regexToExecute,"g"); var currentQueryString = window.location.search; var newQueryString = currentQueryString.replace(re, ""); if(paramName != ""){ if(Array.isArray(paramName)){ newQueryString = (newQueryString == "")? "?" : "?" + newQueryString; newQueryString = newQueryString.replace("??", "?"); paramName.forEach(function(el, i){ newQueryString += "&" + el + "=" + paramValue[i];	 }); newQueryString = newQueryString.replace("?&", "?"); } else { newQueryString = (newQueryString == "")? "?" :  "?" + newQueryString + "&"; newQueryString = newQueryString.replace("??", "?").replace("?&", "?"); newQueryString += paramName + "=" + paramValue; } } var currentBaseUrl = (window.location.href.split("?").length > 0)? window.location.href.split("?")[0] : window.location.href; var updatedUrl = currentBaseUrl + newQueryString; window.history.replaceState({}, document.title, updatedUrl); }; </script>
<script>
vueData.server = "production";function setLocalStorage(name, value, exdays) {var d = new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime() + (exdays*24*60*60*1000));var expires = d.toUTCString();if(typeof window.localStorage != 'undefined'){
localStorage.setItem(name, value);localStorage.setItem(name + '-expiration', expires);}
}function getLocalStorage(name) {var d = Date.now();if(typeof window.localStorage != 'undefined' && Date.parse(window.localStorage.getItem(name + '-expiration')) > d){return localStorage.getItem(name);}else {return "";}}function deleteLocalStorage(name) {if(typeof window.localStorage != 'undefined'){
localStorage.removeItem(name);localStorage.removeItem(name+'-expiration');}
}/* Social media region */vueData.socialSharing = {"facebook": {"title":"","u": location.href,"description": ""},"linkedin": {"title": "","url": location.href,"summary": ""},"twitter": {"text": " - ","url": location.href},"email": {"subject": "","body": " - " + location.href},};vueComputed.searchAllLink = function(){  	return '/en/ca/search-results/?q=' + encodeURIComponent(this.searchTerm); }; vueComputed.searchProductLink = function(){ 	return '/en/ca/search-results/?productsOnly=true&q=' + encodeURIComponent(this.searchTerm); }; vueComputed.searchInsightLink = function(){ 	return '/en/ca/search-results/?insightsOnly=true&q=' + encodeURIComponent(this.searchTerm); }; vueComputed.isMobile = function() {var check = false;(function(a){if(/(android|bb\d+|meego).+mobile|avantgo|bada\/|blackberry|blazer|compal|elaine|fennec|hiptop|iemobile|ip(hone|od)|iris|kindle|lge |maemo|midp|mmp|mobile.+firefox|netfront|opera m(ob|in)i|palm( os)?|phone|p(ixi|re)\/|plucker|pocket|psp|series(4|6)0|symbian|treo|up\.(browser|link)|vodafone|wap|windows ce|xda|xiino/i.test(a)||/1207|6310|6590|3gso|4thp|50[1-6]i|770s|802s|a wa|abac|ac(er|oo|s\-)|ai(ko|rn)|al(av|ca|co)|amoi|an(ex|ny|yw)|aptu|ar(ch|go)|as(te|us)|attw|au(di|\-m|r |s )|avan|be(ck|ll|nq)|bi(lb|rd)|bl(ac|az)|br(e|v)w|bumb|bw\-(n|u)|c55\/|capi|ccwa|cdm\-|cell|chtm|cldc|cmd\-|co(mp|nd)|craw|da(it|ll|ng)|dbte|dc\-s|devi|dica|dmob|do(c|p)o|ds(12|\-d)|el(49|ai)|em(l2|ul)|er(ic|k0)|esl8|ez([4-7]0|os|wa|ze)|fetc|fly(\-|_)|g1 u|g560|gene|gf\-5|g\-mo|go(\.w|od)|gr(ad|un)|haie|hcit|hd\-(m|p|t)|hei\-|hi(pt|ta)|hp( i|ip)|hs\-c|ht(c(\-| |_|a|g|p|s|t)|tp)|hu(aw|tc)|i\-(20|go|ma)|i230|iac( |\-|\/)|ibro|idea|ig01|ikom|im1k|inno|ipaq|iris|ja(t|v)a|jbro|jemu|jigs|kddi|keji|kgt( |\/)|klon|kpt |kwc\-|kyo(c|k)|le(no|xi)|lg( g|\/(k|l|u)|50|54|\-[a-w])|libw|lynx|m1\-w|m3ga|m50\/|ma(te|ui|xo)|mc(01|21|ca)|m\-cr|me(rc|ri)|mi(o8|oa|ts)|mmef|mo(01|02|bi|de|do|t(\-| |o|v)|zz)|mt(50|p1|v )|mwbp|mywa|n10[0-2]|n20[2-3]|n30(0|2)|n50(0|2|5)|n7(0(0|1)|10)|ne((c|m)\-|on|tf|wf|wg|wt)|nok(6|i)|nzph|o2im|op(ti|wv)|oran|owg1|p800|pan(a|d|t)|pdxg|pg(13|\-([1-8]|c))|phil|pire|pl(ay|uc)|pn\-2|po(ck|rt|se)|prox|psio|pt\-g|qa\-a|qc(07|12|21|32|60|\-[2-7]|i\-)|qtek|r380|r600|raks|rim9|ro(ve|zo)|s55\/|sa(ge|ma|mm|ms|ny|va)|sc(01|h\-|oo|p\-)|sdk\/|se(c(\-|0|1)|47|mc|nd|ri)|sgh\-|shar|sie(\-|m)|sk\-0|sl(45|id)|sm(al|ar|b3|it|t5)|so(ft|ny)|sp(01|h\-|v\-|v )|sy(01|mb)|t2(18|50)|t6(00|10|18)|ta(gt|lk)|tcl\-|tdg\-|tel(i|m)|tim\-|t\-mo|to(pl|sh)|ts(70|m\-|m3|m5)|tx\-9|up(\.b|g1|si)|utst|v400|v750|veri|vi(rg|te)|vk(40|5[0-3]|\-v)|vm40|voda|vulc|vx(52|53|60|61|70|80|81|83|85|98)|w3c(\-| )|webc|whit|wi(g |nc|nw)|wmlb|wonu|x700|yas\-|your|zeto|zte\-/i.test(a.substr(0,4))) check = true;})(navigator.userAgent||navigator.vendor||window.opera);return check;};vueComputed.socialSharingLink = function() {var _self = this;var facebookLink = "https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?";var linkedinLink = "https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle/?mini=true&";var twitterLink = "https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?";var emailLink = "mailto:?";var facebookFilled = false;var linkedinFilled = false;var twitterFilled = false;var emailFilled = false;Object.keys(_self.socialSharing.facebook).forEach(function(k){if(_self.socialSharing.facebook[k] != ""){if(facebookFilled) facebookLink += "&";facebookFilled = true;facebookLink += k + "=" + _self.socialSharing.facebook[k];}});Object.keys(_self.socialSharing.linkedin).forEach(function(k){if(_self.socialSharing.linkedin[k] != ""){if(linkedinFilled) linkedinLink += "&";linkedinFilled = true;linkedinLink += k + "=" + _self.socialSharing.linkedin[k];}});Object.keys(_self.socialSharing.twitter).forEach(function(k){if(_self.socialSharing.twitter[k] != ""){if(twitterFilled) twitterLink += "&";twitterFilled = true;twitterLink += k + "=" + _self.socialSharing.twitter[k];}});Object.keys(_self.socialSharing.email).forEach(function(k){if(_self.socialSharing.email[k] != ""){if(emailFilled) emailLink += "&";emailFilled = true;emailLink += k + "=" + _self.socialSharing.email[k];}});return {"facebook": facebookFilled && facebookLink,"linkedin": linkedinFilled && linkedinLink,"twitter": twitterFilled && twitterLink,"email": emailFilled && emailLink}};/* End Social media region */vueData.locationAlertClosed = getLocalStorage("locationAlert") ? true : false ;vueMethods.closeLocationAlert = function(e){this.locationAlertClosed = true;setLocalStorage("locationAlert", false, 365);dataLayer.push({ 'event' :  'rbcwmEvent', 'data-analytics' :  '19', 'data-label' :  'location detection close' }); };vueData.breakingPoint = '';vueData.searchResults = [];vueData.searchResultsActive = -1;vueData.searchTerm = '';vueData.activeMenuItem = null;vueData.activeMenuItem = 3;vueData.nav = {"currentLanguage": {"id": "en","text": "EN","country": "Canada"},"languages": [{"id": 'ca',"country": 'Canada',"languages": [{"id": 'ca-en',"languageCode": "en","countryCode": "ca","text": 'EN',"dotcmsId": 1},{"id": 'ca-fr',"languageCode": "fr","countryCode": "ca","text": 'FR',"dotcmsId": 3},{"id": 'ca-zh-Hans',"languageCode": "zh","countryCode": "ca","text": '简中',"dotcmsId": 4},{"id": 'ca-tc',"languageCode": "zh-hant","countryCode": "ca","text": '繁中',"dotcmsId": 5}]},],secondaryLinks: [{name: 'RBC GAM Institutional',id: 'RBCGAMInstitutional',children: [{name:'Canada (PH&N Institutional)',id: 'Canada(PH&NInstitutional)',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/ca/',target: '_blank'},{name:'United States',id: 'UnitedStates',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/us/',target: '_blank'},{name:'Europe',id: 'Europe',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/europe/',target: '_blank'},{name:'Asia-Pacific',id: 'Asia-Pacific',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/asia/',target: '_blank'},{name:'Middle-East & Africa',id: 'Middle-East&Africa',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/mea/',target: '_blank'},{name:'Latin America & Caribbean',id: 'LatinAmerica&Caribbean',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/latin-america/',target: '_blank'}]},{name: 'Other RBC sites',id: 'OtherRBCsites',children: [{name:"RBC Banking",id: 'RBCBanking',link: 'https://www.rbcroyalbank.com',target: '_blank'},{name:"PH&N Investment Services",id: 'PH&NInvestmentServices',link: 'https://www.phn.com/',target: '_blank'},{name:"RBC Indigo Asset Management",id: 'RBCIndigoAssetManagement',link: 'https://www.rbcindigo.com',target: '_blank'},{name:"RBC Wealth Management",id: 'RBCWealthManagement',link: 'https://www.rbcwealthmanagement.com/',target: '_blank'},{name:"RBC Insurance",id: 'RBCInsurance',link: 'https://www.rbcinsurance.com/',target: '_blank'},{name:"RBC Capital Markets",id: 'RBCCapitalMarkets',link: 'https://www.rbccm.com/',target: '_blank'},{name:"RBC Investor Services",id: 'RBCInvestorServices',link: 'https://www.rbcits.com/',target: '_blank'}]}],		"userGreeting": "Advisor sign in","userGreetingLink": "/en/okta-login?&url=/en/ca/profile/donald-sanya/detail","flagText": "For information purposes only","links": [			{
			"id": "nav.products",
			"name": "Products",
			"title": "Products",
			"separator": "nav.products" == "nav.tools",
			"summary": "",
							"children": [
																		{
																"id": "nav.products.mutualfunds",
								"name": "Mutual funds",
								"title": "Mutual funds",
								"summary": "",
																	"children": [
																																																				{ /* true */
																								"id": "Mutual funds list",
												"name": "Mutual funds list",
												"title": "Mutual funds list",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/index"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.products.aboutmutualfunds",
												"name": "About RBC mutual funds",
												"title": "About RBC mutual funds",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/about/"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "RBC Fixed Income Pools",
												"name": "RBC Fixed Income Pools",
												"title": "RBC Fixed Income Pools",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-fixed-income-pools"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.products.rbcportfoliosolutions",
												"name": "RBC Portfolio Solutions",
												"title": "RBC Portfolio Solutions",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-portfolio-solutions/"
												},																																																																																																																																																																			]
															},																								{
																"id": "nav.products.etfs",
								"name": "ETFs",
								"title": "ETFs",
								"summary": "",
																	"children": [
																																																				{ /* true */
																								"id": "ETFs list",
												"name": "ETFs list",
												"title": "ETFs list",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/etfs/index"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "About RBC iShares ETFs",
												"name": "About RBC iShares ETFs",
												"title": "About RBC iShares ETFs",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/etfs/rbc-ishares"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.products.etfinvestmentstrategies",
												"name": "ETF investment strategies",
												"title": "ETF investment strategies",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/etfs/etf-investment-strategies/"
												}																																							]
															},																								{
																"id": "nav.products.alternativeinvestments",
								"name": "Alternative investments",
								"title": "Alternative investments",
								"summary": "",
																	"children": [
																																																				{ /* true */
																								"id": "Alternative investments list",
												"name": "Alternative investments list",
												"title": "Alternative investments list",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/alternative-investments/index"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.products.aboutalternativeinvestments",
												"name": "About RBC alternative investments",
												"title": "About RBC alternative investments",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/alternative-investments/about/"
												}																																							]
															}															]
					},				{
			"id": "nav.insights",
			"name": "Insights",
			"title": "Insights",
			"separator": "nav.insights" == "nav.tools",
			"summary": "",
							"link": "/en/ca/insights/"
					},				{
			"id": "nav.learnplan",
			"name": "Learn & plan",
			"title": "Learn & plan",
			"separator": "nav.learnplan" == "nav.tools",
			"summary": "",
							"children": [
																		{
																"id": "nav.learnplan.typesofinvestments",
								"name": "Types of investments",
								"title": "Types of investments",
								"summary": "",
																	"children": [
																																																				{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.learnplan.whataremutualfunds",
												"name": "All about mutual funds",
												"title": "All about mutual funds",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/mutual-funds/"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.learnplan.whatareetfs",
												"name": "ETF Learning Centre",
												"title": "ETF Learning Centre",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/etfs/"
												}																																							]
															},																								{
																"id": "Retirement resource centre",
								"name": "Retirement resource centre",
								"title": "Retirement resource centre",
								"summary": "Your one-stop retirement resource centre. Learn about all phases of the retirement journey -- from starting early to living in retirement.",
																"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/retirement-resources"
															},																								{
																"id": "Investment basics",
								"name": "Investment basics",
								"title": "Investment basics",
								"summary": "Learn about the basic principles of investing to make smarter decisions about your money.",
																"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/investment-basics"
															},																								{
																"id": "Investment strategies",
								"name": "Investment strategies",
								"title": "Investment strategies",
								"summary": "Learn strategies to help you identify your goals and gain a deeper understanding of the investing world.",
																"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/investment-strategies"
															},																								{
																"id": "Learn & plan",
								"name": "Learn & plan",
								"title": "Learn & plan",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/index"
															}															]
					},				{
			"id": "nav.aboutus",
			"name": "About us",
			"title": "About us",
			"separator": "nav.aboutus" == "nav.tools",
			"summary": "",
							"children": [
																		{
																"id": "Our story",
								"name": "Our story",
								"title": "Our story",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/about-us/our-story"
															},																								{
																"id": "Responsible investment",
								"name": "Responsible investment",
								"title": "Responsible investment",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/about-us/ri"
															},																								{
																"id": "Our teams",
								"name": "Our teams",
								"title": "Our teams",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/about-us/our-teams"
															},																								{
																"id": "RBC iShares",
								"name": "RBC iShares",
								"title": "RBC iShares",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/about-us/about-rbc-ishares"
															},																								{
																"id": "Leadership",
								"name": "Leadership",
								"title": "Leadership",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/about-us/leadership"
															}															]
					},			
]};vueData.isharesModalIsActive = false;

window.SpeechRecognition = window.SpeechRecognition || window.webkitSpeechRecognition;vueData.SpeechRecognitionEnabled = (window.SpeechRecognition)? true:false;vueData.recognition = null;vueData.voiceIconColor = null;vueData.voiceLabel = "Search&nbsp;by&nbsp;voice";vueMethods['searchToggled'] = function(){var _self = this;var defaultLabel = "Search&nbsp;by&nbsp;voice";if(window.SpeechRecognition && _self.recognition == null){_self.recognition = new SpeechRecognition();_self.recognition.continuous = true;_self.recognition.lang = "en-US";_self.recognition.onstart = function(e){dataLayer.push({ 'event' :  'rbcwmEvent', 'data-analytics' :  '19', 'data-label': 'search voice'});_self.voiceIconColor = "red";_self.voiceLabel = "Listening...";};_self.recognition.onend = function(e){_self.voiceIconColor = null;_self.voiceLabel = "Search&nbsp;by&nbsp;voice";};_self.recognition.onresult = function(e){var results = e.results;for(var i = 0; i < results.length ; i++){if(results[i].isFinal){_self.$refs.megamenu.searchTerm = results[0][0].transcript;_self.searchTerm = results[0][0].transcript;_self.megaSearch(_self.searchTerm);_self.recognition.stop();}}};_self.recognition.start();}else {_self.recognition.stop();_self.recognition = null;_self.$refs.megamenu.searchTerm = "";_self.searchTerm = "";}};
let timerForSearch = null;

vueMethods['megaSearchKeyUp'] = function(e){
clearTimeout(timerForSearch);

timerForSearch = setTimeout(() => {

if (e.target.value.trim() !== '' ) {
    dataLayer.push({
        event: "view_search_results",
        search_results_num: _self.searchResults.length,
        method: 'generic search',
        search_term: _self.searchTerm,
        
    })   
    }
}, 1000)

var key = e.key.toLowerCase();var _self = this;if(key.indexOf('enter') > -1 && _self.searchResultsActive == -1){var encodedQuery = encodeURIComponent(_self.searchTerm);
location.href = '/en/ca/search-results/?q=' + encodedQuery;}else if(key.indexOf('enter') > -1 && _self.searchResultsActive > -1){var r = _self.searchResults[_self.searchResultsActive];dataLayer.push({ 'event' : 'rbcwmPageview', 'virtualpath' : '/en/ca/virtual/search-results-megasearch/?q=' + _self.searchTerm, 'virtualtitle' : 'Virtual Search Results','data-searchterm' : _self.searchTerm, 'data-totalresults': _self.searchResults.length});
location.href = (r.type == 'mf')? '/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/' : '/en/ca/products/etfs/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/';}else if(key.indexOf('down') > -1 && _self.searchResultsActive < (_self.searchResults.length - 1)){_self.searchResultsActive++;}else if(key.indexOf('up') > -1 && _self.searchResultsActive >  - 1){_self.searchResultsActive--;}};vueMethods['megaSearchResultClick'] = function(r, e){const outbound = e.target.closest('a') ? e.target.closest('a').hostname !== window.location.hostname : false;
console.log('Hello');
var _self = this;if(e.target.classList.value.indexOf('briefcase') == -1){dataLayer.push({ 'event' : 'rbcwmPageview', 'virtualpath' : '/en/ca/virtual/search-results-megasearch/?q=' + _self.searchTerm, 'virtualtitle' : 'Virtual Search Results','data-searchterm' : _self.searchTerm, 'data-totalresults': _self.searchResults.length});window.dataLayer.push({
    event: 'click_search_results',
    event_type: 'search',
    method: 'generic search', 
    link_text: e.target.textContent,
    link_url: _self.getLinkUrl(e),
    link_domain: window.location.hostname,
    outbound: outbound,
});

location.href = (r.type == 'mf')? '/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/' : '/en/ca/products/etfs/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/';}};vueMethods['megaSearch'] = function(e){var _self = this;_self.searchResultsActive = -1;if(e != ""){_self.searchTerm = e;fetch("/en/ca/megamenu-search?search=" + e).then(function(response){ return response.json();}).then(function(data){ _self.searchResults = data.data;}).catch(function(e){_self.searchResults = [];})}else {_self.searchResults = [];_self.searchTerm = '';}};

vueMethods['toggleLanguage'] = function(e) {
    console.log("toggleLanguage", e);
    if (e.countryCode !== "ca"){
        if(e.countryCode === "gb") {
            location.href = "/en/landing?preselect=eu";
        } else if(e.countryCode === "us") {
            location.href = "/en/landing?preselect=us";
        } else if(e.countryCode === "asia-pacific") {
            location.href = "/en/landing?preselect=ap";
        } else if(e.countryCode === "americas-offshore") {
            location.href = "/en/landing?preselect=ao";
        } else {
            location.href = "/en/landing";
        }
    } else {
        var currentUrl = "/en/ca/profile/donald-sanya/detail";
        this.nav.languages
            .flatMap(l => l.languages).map(l=>l.languageCode)
            .filter((v, i, a) => a.indexOf(v) === i)
            .forEach(l => currentUrl = currentUrl.replace(`/${l}/`,"/"));

            let newQueryString = "";
            location.href = "/" +e.languageCode + currentUrl + newQueryString;
    }
};

vueMethods.mobileSearch = function(e){location.href = '/en/ca/search-results/?q=' + e;}


vueMethods.getLinkUrl = function(event) {
    const element = vueMethods.findAncestorLinkElement(event.target);
    return vueMethods.getLinkUrlHelper(element && element.href);
}
    
vueMethods.findAncestorLinkElement = function(target) {
        let a = target;
        while (a && a.tagName !== 'A') {
            a = a.parentNode;
        }
        return a && a.tagName === 'A' ? a : null;
    }
    
vueMethods.getLinkUrlHelper = function(url) {
        if (!url) {
            return '';
        }
        
        const isAbsoluteUrl = /^([a-z][a-z\d+\-.]*:)?\/\//i.test(url);
        return isAbsoluteUrl ? url : window.location.origin + url;
    }

</script>
<script>
Vue.component('rbc-video', {template: '<div class="rbc-video"><div :style="embedStyle" :class="[aspectRatio ? \'embed-responsive-\' + aspectRatio : null]" class="embed-responsive"><video ref="player" v-bind="$attrs" :data-video-id="videoId" :data-playlist-id="playlistId" :data-account="account" :data-player="player" data-embed="default" data-application-id class="video-js embed-responsive-item rbc-video-player" controls></video></div><div v-if="playlistId" class="vjs-playlist"></div></div>',
inheritAttrs: false,props: {aspectRatio: { type: String, default: '16by9' },account: { type: String, default: '3187797751001' },embedStyle: [String, Object, Array],options: Object,player: { type: String, default: 'Un1ElmKR2T' },playlistId: String,videoId: String},beforeMount: function() {var scriptId = this.playlistId ? 'bcPlaylistScript' : 'bcVideoScript';var body = document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0];if (!document.getElementById(scriptId) && body) {var script = document.createElement('script');script.type = 'text/javascript';script.id = scriptId;script.src = '//players.brightcove.net/' + this.account + '/' + this.player  + '_default/index.min.js';body.appendChild(script);}},mounted: function() {if (typeof bc !== 'undefined') {bc(this.$refs.player, this.options);}}});vueMethods.formatNumber = window.formatNumber;vueMethods.formatCurrency = window.formatCurrency;vueMethods.decimal = window.decimal;vueMethods.leadingZero = window.leadingZero;var vueApp = new Vue({el: "#app",components: {'rbc-alert': wm.Alert,'rbc-autocomplete': wm.Autocomplete,'rbc-badge': wm.Badge,'rbc-block': wm.Block,'rbc-breadcrumb': wm.Breadcrumb,'rbc-button': wm.Button,'rbc-toggle': wm.ButtonToggle,'rbc-toggle-container': wm.ButtonToggleContainer,'rbc-caption': wm.Caption,'rbc-card': wm.Card,'rbc-checkbox': wm.Checkbox,'rbc-datatable': wm.DataTable,'rbc-datatable-paginator': wm.DataTablePaginator,'rbc-datepicker': wm.DatePicker,'rbc-dropdown': wm.Dropdown,'rbc-expandable': wm.Expandable,'rbc-expandable-container': wm.ExpandableContainer,'rbc-hero': wm.Hero,'rbc-icon': wm.Icon,'rbc-input': wm.Input,'rbc-layout': wm.Layout,'rbc-link-card': wm.LinkCard,'rbc-link-card-container': wm.LinkCardContainer,'rbc-media-card': wm.MediaCard,'rbc-mega-menu': wm.MegaMenu,'rbc-menu': wm.Menu,'rbc-menu-item': wm.MenuItem,'rbc-modal': wm.Modal,'rbc-multiselect': wm.MultiSelect,'rbc-point': wm.Point,'rbc-progressbar': wm.ProgressBar,'rbc-radio': wm.Radio,'rbc-script': wm.Script,'rbc-select': wm.Select,'rbc-side-nav': wm.SideNav,'rbc-side-nav-item': wm.SideNavItem,'rbc-slider': wm.Slider,'rbc-snackbar': wm.Snackbar,'rbc-snackbar-container': wm.SnackbarContainer,'rbc-sort': wm.Sort,'rbc-speech': wm.Speech,'rbc-spinner': wm.Spinner,'rbc-stepper': wm.Stepper,'rbc-stepper-container': wm.StepperContainer,'rbc-stepper-content': wm.StepperContent,'rbc-style': wm.Style,'rbc-switch': wm.Switch,'rbc-tab': wm.Tab,'rbc-tab-content': wm.TabContent,'rbc-tag': wm.Tag,'rbc-textarea': wm.Textarea,'rbc-tooltip': wm.Tooltip,'rbc-top-nav': wm.TopNav,'rbc-top-nav-item': wm.TopNavItem,'rbc-transition': wm.Transition,'rbc-transition-height': wm.TransitionHeight,'rbc-transition-number': wm.TransitionNumber},data: vueData,computed: vueComputed,watch: vueWatch,mounted: function(){var _self = this;var displayNoneSyntax = "dBREAKINGPOINT-none";var displayInlineSyntax = "dBREAKINGPOINT-inline";var breakingPoints = ['', '-sm', '-md', '-lg', '-xl'];breakingPoints.forEach(function(bp, index){var bpNoneSyntax = displayNoneSyntax.replace("BREAKINGPOINT", (bp != '')? bp : '');var bpInlineSyntax = (index + 1 < breakingPoints.length)? displayInlineSyntax.replace("BREAKINGPOINT", breakingPoints[index + 1]) : '';var spanEl = document.createElement("SPAN");spanEl.setAttribute("id", 'is' + bp.replace('-', ''));spanEl.classList.add(bpNoneSyntax);if(bpInlineSyntax != '') spanEl.classList.add(bpInlineSyntax);spanEl.style.width = 0;spanEl.style.height = 0;document.body.appendChild(spanEl);if(window.getComputedStyle(spanEl,null).getPropertyValue('display') == "none"){if(bp == ""){bp = 'xs';}_self.breakingPoint = bp.replace('-', '');}});document.addEventListener("keyup", function(e){if(e.ctrlKey && e.shiftKey && e.key.toLowerCase() == 'f'){_self.$refs.megamenu.$_MegaMenu_showSearch();}else if(e.ctrlKey && e.shiftKey && e.key.toLowerCase() == 'v'){_self.$refs.megamenu.$_MegaMenu_showSearch();_self.searchToggled();}});if(window.addEventListener/* && window.atob*/){var arr=[],str=atob("MzgsMzgsNDAsNDAsMzcsMzksMzcsMzksNjYsNjU=");window.addEventListener("keydown",function(e){arr.push(e.keyCode);if(arr.toString().indexOf(str)>=0){vueData.raptors=true;arr=[];};},true);};
vueMounted.forEach(function(f){f(_self);});},methods: vueMethods});
</script><script> setTimeout(function(){ var videoIframes = document.querySelectorAll(".brightcoveIframe"); Array.prototype.forEach.call(videoIframes, function(el){ el.contentWindow.postMessage({'gaID':"", 'url': window.location.href}, '*'); }); }, 1000); </script> 
<script>
    
    // SHARE ON SOCIAL MEDIA
    
    document.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
        const socialMediaShares = e.target.closest('[data-location="Share this article sidebar"] a');
        if(socialMediaShares) {
    	    const ariaLabelMethod = e?.srcElement?.ariaLabel;
    	    dataLayer.push({
    	        event: 'share',
                method: ariaLabelMethod === 'envelope' ? 'email' : (ariaLabelMethod?.split(' ')[0] || ''),
                content_name: document.getElementsByClassName('hero-header')[0]?.innerHTML,
                link_text: document.getElementsByClassName('hero-header')[0]?.innerHTML,
                link_domain: window.location.hostname,
                link_url: window.location.href, 
                content_type: window.location.pathname.split('/')[3],
                content_id: '1c5795ca-ec65-4001-9f8e-b8be6031497e',
                location_id: getLocationId(e.target), 
    	        }); 
    	}
});

const h4Elements = document.querySelectorAll('div > h4');
h4Elements.forEach((h4Element) => {
  const trimmedText = h4Element.textContent.trim();
  if (trimmedText === 'Share this profile' || trimmedText === 'Share this podcast' ||
      trimmedText === 'Partager cette baladodiffusion' || trimmedText === 'Partager ce profil') {
    const targetDiv = h4Element.parentElement;
    const anchorLinks = targetDiv.querySelectorAll('a');
    anchorLinks.forEach((element) => {
      element.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
          
          if (e.target.closest('[data-location="Share this article sidebar"] a')) {
              return;
          }
          
        const ariaLabelMethod = e?.srcElement?.ariaLabel;
        const contentType = trimmedText === 'Share this podcast' || trimmedText === 'Partager cette baladodiffusion' ? 'podcast' : 'team';
        const locationId = trimmedText;
    	    dataLayer.push({
    	        event: 'share',
                method: ariaLabelMethod === 'envelope' ? 'email' : (ariaLabelMethod?.split(' ')[0] || ''),
                content_name: document.getElementsByClassName('hero-header')[0]?.innerHTML,
                link_text: document.getElementsByClassName('hero-header')[0]?.innerHTML,
                link_domain: window.location.hostname,
                link_url: window.location.href, 
                content_type: contentType,
                content_id: '1c5795ca-ec65-4001-9f8e-b8be6031497e',
                location_id: locationId, 
    	        }); 
      });
    });
  }
});

</script>
<!-- OneTrust Cookies Settings button end --> 
<script type="application/javascript">
  window.openCookieSettings = function(e) {
    e.preventDefault();
    OneTrust.ToggleInfoDisplay();
  };

  window.handleKeydown = function(event) {
    if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {
      event.preventDefault();
      openCookieSettings(event);
    }
  };

  // Attach the keydown listener when the DOM is loaded.
  document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
    var btn = document.getElementById('openCookieSettings');
    if (btn) {
      btn.addEventListener('keydown', window.handleKeydown);
    }
  });
</script>
<!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice end for rbcgam.com -->

<!-- Accessibility scripts --> 
<script type="application/javascript">
    let expandMenuButton = document.querySelector("#hamburgerMenuButton");
    let megaSeparator = document.querySelector(".mega-menu-separator");
    if (expandMenuButton) {
        expandMenuButton.tabIndex = 0;
    }
    if (megaSeparator) {
        megaSeparator.removeAttribute("role");
    }
</script>
<!-- Accessibility scripts end --> 


<script src="/application/themes/rbcgam/js/analytics-service.js"></script>

<!-- Loading time: 263 -->
</body>
</html> <!-- Loading time not cached: 269 -->