  	  	   
                                                       
				  	                              			 <!-- yoindividualinvestor/en/ca/insights/https://www.rbcgam.com:443/ca/insights/index? 

individualinvestor

-->


 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-CA">
<head>
   
    <!-- https://www.rbcgam.com/en/en/ca/insights/ -->
<!-- else -->
	
<script >
    //main-dataLayer
    window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];

               let QueryParamsObj = {};
            for (let pair of new URLSearchParams(window.location.search)) {
                QueryParamsObj[pair[0]] = pair[1];
            }
                                                                       const requiredKeys = ['currency','date','region','sort','sortorder','strategy','tab','type'];

            requiredKeys.forEach(key => {
                if (!QueryParamsObj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                    QueryParamsObj[key] = undefined;
                }
            });

            
            window.dataLayer.push (Object.assign({
    'page_redirect': '',
    'page_country': 'ca',
    'page_region': 'na',
    'page_language': 'en',
    'page_channel': 'public',
    'page_category': 'insights',
    'page_subcategory': null,
    'page_type': 'individualInvestor'
    }, QueryParamsObj))
            
                        
            // GOOGLE ANALYTICS 4
                    window.dataLayer.push({
            'page_country':'ca',
            'page_region':'na',
            'page_language':'en',
            'page_channel':'public',
                            'page_category': 'insights',
                'page_subcategory':undefined,
                        'page_breadcrumb':'/en/ca/insights/',
            'user_type':'individualInvestor',
            'page_LOB':'RBCGAM_3',
            'attribute_1':undefined ,
            'user_multiaccess':undefined ,
            'user_territory': ''? '': undefined,
            
                            'content_type': undefined,
                'content_name': undefined,
                        
                        
                                'publication':undefined,
                    'content_author':undefined,
                            
                'content_id':'f9954ae0-a78f-47dc-bd72-2fad85c86a45',
                
                                        'content_date':undefined,
                            
                'GAM_AdvisorId':undefined,
                'GAM_AdvisorTerritory':undefined,
                'GAM_DealerCode':undefined,
                'GAM_RoleID': undefined,
            
                        ...QueryParamsObj})
</script>    
    
    
        <meta charset="utf-8"/>
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy"/>
        <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate"/>
        <meta http-equiv="Pragma" content="no-cache"/>
        <meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0"/>
        <!-- https://www.rbcgam.com/en/en/ca/insights/ -->
<!-- else -->
	         <title>Investment insights and market updates</title>
        <meta name="description" content="We put the markets into perspective for you with our investment insights. Get the latest from our global investment teams through podcasts, videos and articles."/>


        <meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.rbcgam.com/en/en/ca/insights/" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Investment insights and market updates"/>
<meta property="og:description" content="We put the markets into perspective for you with our investment insights. Get the latest from our global investment teams through podcasts, videos and articles." />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="RBC Global Asset Management" />
                                                                                                                                                                         <link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="crossorigin" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com">
        <link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="crossorigin" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com">
        <link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="crossorigin" href="https://www.google-analytics.com">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/fonts/roboto/roboto-v19-latin-regular.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/fonts/roboto/roboto-v19-latin-500.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/fonts/roboto/roboto-v19-latin-700.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/src/fonts/fa-regular-400.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/src/fonts/fa-solid-900.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/src/fonts/fa-brands-400.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/css/bootstrap-grid.min.css" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/css/roboto.min.css" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/dist/gam/gam.min.css" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/dist/wm/wm.min.js" as="script">
        <link rel="prefetch" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/dist/gam/charts/index.min.js" as="script">
        <link rel="preload" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/one-trust.css" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/main.css?v5" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/rbcgam-styles-enhancement.css" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/fonts/rbc-display/rbcdisplay-regular-webfont.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/css/bootstrap-grid.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
        <link href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/css/roboto.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/dist/gam/gam.min.css">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/images/logos/rbc-gam-logo-en.svg" as="image">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/main.css?v5">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/one-trust.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/rbcgam-styles-enhancement.css">

        
                                                                                                                                                  <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/js/vue.js" as="script">
                        <script src="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/js/vue.js"></script>
                                                          <script src="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/dist/wm/wm.min.js"></script>
                                                <script>
                         
                var vueData = vueData || {};                 var vueComputed = vueComputed || {};                 var vueWatch = vueWatch || {};                 var vueMethods = vueMethods || {};                 var vueMounted = vueMounted || [];         </script>         
<!-- isForDiffSite: true -->

        
        <style>         
        
        #ot-sdk-btn.ot-sdk-show-settings, #ot-sdk-btn.optanon-show-settings {
            border: none !important; 
            padding: 0 !important;
            color: white !important;
            font-size: 0.875rem !important;
        }
        #ot-sdk-btn.ot-sdk-show-settings:hover, #ot-sdk-btn.optanon-show-settings:hover {
            background-color: transparent !important;
            border-bottom: 1px solid white !important;
        }
        
        .hero-content-aside {                 width: 100%;                 height: auto;         }         [v-cloak]{                 display: none;         }         </style> 
                                        
        <noscript>
                <style>
                        [v-cloak]{
                                display: block !important;
                        }
                        #raptorWrap {
                                display: none !important;
                                visibility: hidden !important;
                                height: 0px !important;
                                width: 0px !important;
                        }
                    
                </style>
        </noscript>
        <!-- R:  / upt = individualinvestor -->
        <!-- Google Tag Manager Data Layer -->
        
        
<script>
    async function loadOneTrustScript() {
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        const script = document.createElement("script");
        const env = window?.host_variable?.environment || "production";
        let scriptSrc = "https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/75c21a75-8c61-41b5-bbb4-220ec5be96cc/otSDKStub.js";
        if (env === "staging") {
          scriptSrc = "https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/75c21a75-8c61-41b5-bbb4-220ec5be96cc-test/otSDKStub.js";
        }
        script.src = scriptSrc;
        script.id = "onetrust-policy-sdk";
        script.type = "text/javascript";
        script.charset = "UTF-8";
        script.dataset.documentLanguage = "true";
        script.dataset.domainScript = scriptSrc.includes("-test")
          ? "75c21a75-8c61-41b5-bbb4-220ec5be96cc-test"
          : "75c21a75-8c61-41b5-bbb4-220ec5be96cc";
        script.onload = resolve;
        script.onerror = reject;
        document.body.appendChild(script);
      });
    }

    document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
      const modalAlert = document.querySelector('[role="alertdialog"]');
      if (modalAlert) {
        modalAlert.setAttribute("role", "dialog");
      }
    });

    window.onload = async () => {
      try {
        await loadOneTrustScript();
        console.log("OneTrust script loaded successfully.");
      } catch (error) {
        console.error("Failed to load OneTrust script", error);
      }
    };

    document.addEventListener('keydown', (event) => {
      if (event.key === 'Escape' || event.keyCode === 27) {
        const modal = document.getElementById('onetrust-pc-sdk');
        if (modal && window.getComputedStyle(modal).display !== 'none') {
          const closeButton = document.getElementById('close-pc-btn-handler');
          if (closeButton) {
            document.getElementById('openCookieSettings').focus();
            closeButton.click();
          }
        }
      }
    });

    function setInertOnBackground() {
    const ids = ["main", "globalNavRoot", "footers", "footerDisclaimerRoot"];
    ids.forEach(id => {
        const el = document.getElementById(id);
        if (el) {
        el.setAttribute("inert", "");
        }
    });
    }

    function removeInertFromBackground() {
    const ids = ["main", "globalNavRoot", "footers", "footerDisclaimerRoot"];
    ids.forEach(id => {
        const el = document.getElementById(id);
        if (el) {
        el.removeAttribute("inert");
        }
    });
    }

    document.addEventListener("click", function(event) {
    const closeBtn = event.target.closest("#close-pc-btn-handler");
    const openCookieSettingsBtn = event.target.closest("#openCookieSettings");
        if (closeBtn) {
            removeInertFromBackground();
            document.getElementById('openCookieSettings').focus();
        } 
        if (openCookieSettingsBtn) {
            setInertOnBackground();
        }
    });
  </script>

<script type="text/javascript">
    function OptanonWrapper() { }
</script>

        <!-- Google Tag Manager version 4 -->
        <script>
                var dataLayer=window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];dataLayer.push({"LOB":"RBCGAM_3"});
                (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});
                        var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-P5P6H55');
        </script>
        <!-- End Google Tag Manager -->

</head>


<!-- 1 $URLMapContent.structure.name $URLMapContent.fundCompany.selectValue $URLMapContent.fundCompany -->
<body>
<noscript>
        <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P5P6H55" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe>
</noscript>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<script>
        //frame busting - prevent clickjacking
        if (self == top) {
                document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].style.display = "block";
        } else {
                top.location = self.location;
        }
</script>
<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
    <main class="content-wrap">
        <div id="app">
        

 <aside>
    <a class="skip-main" aria-label="Skip to cookie banner" href="#onetrust-policy-sdk">Skip to Cookie Banner</a>
    <a class="skip-main" aria-label="Skip to main content" href="#main">Skip to content</a>
    <a class="skip-main" aria-label="Skip to footer" href="#footers">Skip to footer</a>
</aside>
<div v-cloak>
<rbc-mega-menu
	ref="megamenu"
	:active-menu="activeMenuItem"
	:contrast-toggle="false"
	:links="nav.links"
	:flag-text="nav.flagText"
	:active-language="nav.currentLanguage"
	:languages="nav.languages"
	:secondary-links="nav.secondaryLinks"
	search-text="Search"
	search-placeholder="Enter search term and press enter to see all results"
	:show-search-results="searchResults.length > 0"
	:user-greeting="nav.userGreeting"
	:user-greeting-link="nav.userGreetingLink"
	:user-links="nav.userLinks"
	logo="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/images/logos/rbc-gam-logo-en.svg"
	logo-link="/en/ca/"
	data-location="Main navigation"
	@languageupdated="toggleLanguage"
	@searchtermchanged="megaSearch"
	@searchsidenavsubmitted="mobileSearch"
	@keyup="megaSearchKeyUp"
	@voiceclicked="searchToggled"
>
	<div slot="nav.products">
		<div class="row">
  <div  key="nav.products.mutualfunds" class="col-md-3" > <span class="mega-menu-content-header"> 	Mutual funds </span>   <!-- navsec: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds' title='nav.products.mutualfunds'>nav.products.mutualfunds</a> -->
<ul class="mega-menu-content-items"> 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/index' title='Mutual funds list'>Mutual funds list</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="Mutual funds list" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			style="font-weight: 500;"  			href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/index" 			title="Mutual funds list" 		> 			Mutual funds list              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/about' title='nav.products.aboutmutualfunds'>nav.products.aboutmutualfunds</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.products.aboutmutualfunds" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/about/" 			title="About RBC mutual funds" 		> 			About RBC mutual funds              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-fixed-income-pools' title='RBC Fixed Income Pools'>RBC Fixed Income Pools</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="RBC Fixed Income Pools" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-fixed-income-pools" 			title="RBC Fixed Income Pools" 		> 			RBC Fixed Income Pools              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-portfolio-solutions' title='nav.products.rbcportfoliosolutions'>nav.products.rbcportfoliosolutions</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.products.rbcportfoliosolutions" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-portfolio-solutions/" 			title="RBC Portfolio Solutions" 		> 			RBC Portfolio Solutions              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/investment-recommendations' title='Investment recommendations'>Investment recommendations</a> -->
	 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-investment-savings-account' title='RBC Investment Savings Account'>RBC Investment Savings Account</a> -->
	 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='https://rbcpcb.seismic.com/x5/doccenter.aspx#/doccenter/2b6046c0-9617-4155-8cde-220c18bf158e/main/%252Fdd88863eb4-9454-4142-bdcb-2ffbaa38787d%252Fddfb1c85fc-df84-44ae-8a2b-f6dbf02df156%252Fdd87874b32-5f1b-46ed-88db-1d261b9c5130/grid/title' title='RBC Investment Advantage'>RBC Investment Advantage</a> -->
	 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-indigo-funds' title='RBC Indigo Funds'>RBC Indigo Funds</a> -->
	 	 	 </ul>  </div>    <div  key="nav.products.etfs" class="col-md-3" > <span class="mega-menu-content-header"> 	ETFs </span>   <!-- navsec: <a href='/ca/products/etfs' title='nav.products.etfs'>nav.products.etfs</a> -->
<ul class="mega-menu-content-items"> 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/etfs/index' title='ETFs list'>ETFs list</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="ETFs list" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			style="font-weight: 500;"  			href="/en/ca/products/etfs/index" 			title="ETFs list" 		> 			ETFs list              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/etfs/rbc-ishares' title='About RBC iShares ETFs'>About RBC iShares ETFs</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="About RBC iShares ETFs" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/etfs/rbc-ishares" 			title="About RBC iShares ETFs" 		> 			About RBC iShares ETFs              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/etfs/etf-investment-strategies' title='nav.products.etfinvestmentstrategies'>nav.products.etfinvestmentstrategies</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.products.etfinvestmentstrategies" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/etfs/etf-investment-strategies/" 			title="ETF investment strategies" 		> 			ETF investment strategies              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 </ul>  </div>    <div  key="nav.products.alternativeinvestments" class="col-md-3" > <span class="mega-menu-content-header"> 	Alternative investments </span>   <!-- navsec: <a href='/ca/products/alternative-investments' title='nav.products.alternativeinvestments'>nav.products.alternativeinvestments</a> -->
<ul class="mega-menu-content-items"> 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/alternative-investments/index' title='Alternative investments list'>Alternative investments list</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="Alternative investments list" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			style="font-weight: 500;"  			href="/en/ca/products/alternative-investments/index" 			title="Alternative investments list" 		> 			Alternative investments list              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/alternative-investments/about' title='nav.products.aboutalternativeinvestments'>nav.products.aboutalternativeinvestments</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.products.aboutalternativeinvestments" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/alternative-investments/about/" 			title="About RBC alternative investments" 		> 			About RBC alternative investments              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 </ul>  </div>   								</div>
															</div>
	<div slot="nav.learnplan">
		<div class="row">
  <div  key="nav.learnplan.typesofinvestments" class="col-md-3" > <span class="mega-menu-content-header"> 	Types of investments </span>   <!-- navsec: <a href='/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments' title='nav.learnplan.typesofinvestments'>nav.learnplan.typesofinvestments</a> -->
<ul class="mega-menu-content-items"> 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/mutual-funds' title='nav.learnplan.whataremutualfunds'>nav.learnplan.whataremutualfunds</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.learnplan.whataremutualfunds" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/mutual-funds/" 			title="All about mutual funds" 		> 			All about mutual funds              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/etfs' title='nav.learnplan.whatareetfs'>nav.learnplan.whatareetfs</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.learnplan.whatareetfs" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/etfs/" 			title="ETF Learning Centre" 		> 			ETF Learning Centre              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 </ul>  </div>    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Retirement resource centre', 	name: 'Retirement resource centre', 	link: '/en/ca/learn-plan/retirement-resources', 	title: 'Retirement resource centre', 	summary: 'Your one-stop retirement resource centre. Learn about all phases of the retirement journey -- from starting early to living in retirement.', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Investment basics', 	name: 'Investment basics', 	link: '/en/ca/learn-plan/investment-basics', 	title: 'Investment basics', 	summary: 'Learn about the basic principles of investing to make smarter decisions about your money.', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Investment strategies', 	name: 'Investment strategies', 	link: '/en/ca/learn-plan/investment-strategies', 	title: 'Investment strategies', 	summary: 'Learn strategies to help you identify your goals and gain a deeper understanding of the investing world.', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	     								</div>
																						<div class="text-right mt-1">
			<a class="link-chev" href="/en/ca/learn-plan/index">
				View all learn & plan articles
			</a>
		</div>
			</div>
	<div slot="nav.aboutus">
		<div class="row">
  	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Our story', 	name: 'Our story', 	link: '/en/ca/about-us/our-story', 	title: 'Our story', 	summary: '', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Responsible investment', 	name: 'Responsible investment', 	link: '/en/ca/about-us/ri', 	title: 'Responsible investment', 	summary: '', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Our teams', 	name: 'Our teams', 	link: '/en/ca/about-us/our-teams', 	title: 'Our teams', 	summary: '', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'RBC iShares', 	name: 'RBC iShares', 	link: '/en/ca/about-us/about-rbc-ishares', 	title: 'RBC iShares', 	summary: '', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Leadership', 	name: 'Leadership', 	link: '/en/ca/about-us/leadership', 	title: 'Leadership', 	summary: '', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	   								</div>
																							</div>
	<div slot="search-results" data-location="Mega search">
			    <table class="table table-border-horizontal mega-menu-search-results-item table-hover">
	        <tbody>
				<tr v-for="(r, i) in searchResults" @click.prevent="megaSearchResultClick(r, $event)">
					<td :class="{'b-blue-tint-5': i == searchResultsActive}" class="px-0"><rbc-tag class="mx-0 nowrap" size="small" v-text="(r.type == 'mf')? 'Mutual fund' : 'ETF'"></rbc-tag></td>
										<td :class="{'b-blue-tint-5': i == searchResultsActive}"><a :href="(r.type == 'mf')? '/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/' : '/en/ca/products/etfs/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/'">{{r.fundCode}}</a></td>
					<td :class="{'b-blue-tint-5': i == searchResultsActive}"><a :href="(r.type == 'mf')? '/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/' : '/en/ca/products/etfs/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/'">{{r.fundName}}</a></td>
					<td :class="{'b-blue-tint-5': i == searchResultsActive}" v-html="r.series">{{r.series}}</td>
					<td :class="{'b-blue-tint-5': i == searchResultsActive}" v-html="r.assetClass">{{r.assetClass}}</td>
									</tr>
			</tbody>
	    </table>
	    <ul class="list-links">
	        <li class="mega-menu-search-results-item">
	            <component :is="searchTerm != ''? 'a': 'span'" :href="searchAllLink" class="link-chev">See all results</component>
	        </li>
	        <li class="mega-menu-search-results-item">
	            <component :is="searchTerm != ''? 'a': 'span'" :href="searchProductLink" class="link-chev">See results in Products</component>
	        </li>
	        <li class="mega-menu-search-results-item">
	        	<component :is="searchTerm != ''? 'a': 'span'" :href="searchInsightLink" class="link-chev">See results in Insights</component>
	        </li>
	    </ul>
	</div>
</rbc-mega-menu>
</div>
<div v-cloak>
	<rbc-modal
		:active="isharesModalIsActive"
		button-cancel="Close"
		button-size="medium"
		class="ishares"
		@toggle="isharesModalIsActive = false"
	>
		<div 
			slot="header"
			class="w-100 d-flex justify-content-between"
		>
			<img src="/_assets/images/logos/rbc-ishares-logo.svg" alt="RBC iShares" class="ishares-logo">
			<button 
				aria-label="Close"
				class="modal-close"
				@click="isharesModalIsActive = false"
			>
				<rbc-icon
					role="presentation"
					icon="times"
				/>
			</button>
		</div>
		<h2 class="h3">
			Welcome to the new RBC iShares digital experience.
		</h2>
		<p class="mt-1">
			Find all things ETFs here: <a href="/en/ca/products/etfs/etf-investment-strategies/">investment strategies</a>, <a href="/en/ca/products/etfs/">products</a>, <a href="/en/ca/insights/etf-insights">insights</a> and more.
		</p>

	</rbc-modal>
</div><div v-cloak>
 
            <rbc-hero  		 		 			:breadcrumb="[  {text:'Investment insights and market updates'}]" 		 	 		 	data-location="Hero banner" 	:border="false" 	 	 	 	:card="false" 	card-position="left" 	 	category-color="sky" 	:center="false"  	  	 	  		:full-width="false" 		 	 	:image-bottom="false" 	subtitle="Your source for the latest RBC GAM thought leadership

&lt;title&gt;Market news and investment insights | RBC GAM&lt;/title&gt;" 	 	title="Investment insights and market updates" 	 	v-cloak > 	 </rbc-hero>  <div class="container px-0">  	  </div> 
<rbc-style>
    .hero-subtitle{
        width: 80%;
    }
                    
    .hero-energy-lines {
        width: 70%;
        right: -10;
        bottom: -15;
    }
    
    @media (max-width: 575.98px) {
        .hero-energy-lines {
            background-size: 200% auto;
            width: 100%;
        }
    }
</rbc-style><section class="section-filter" data-location="Publication links" v-cloak>
    <div class="container">
        <div 
            v-for="(category, index) in insightsCategories"
            :key="'category' + index"
            :class="{'section-filter-spacer-sm': index + 1 < insightsCategories.length}"
            class="row"
        >
            <div v-if="category.links.length > 0" class="col-12">
                <span class="filter-title">
                    {{ category.title }}
                </span>
                <ul class="list-inline">
                    <li 
                        v-for="(link, i) in category.links"
                        :key="'categoryLink' + index + i"
                    >
                        <a 
                            :href="link.link" 
                            class="link-underline"
                        >
                            {{ link.text }}
                        </a>
                    </li>
                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</section>
  	  	   
                                                       
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/media-types.css" />


																				<rbc-block
	title="Featured insights"
	    	text=""
    	description=""
					cta-link=""
		 cta-text=""		footer-cta-link=""
		footer-cta-text=""
			data-location="Featured insights"
>
	<rbc-media-card
	        heading-tag="h3"
			:card="true"
			:divider="false"
			:links-align-start="false"
			layout="featured-tile"
					:articles="[

                                                                        
       {&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;Overall, we look for slow but positive economic growth in 2025 and recognize that the odds of recession, though not trivial, have diminished due to Trump&amp;rsquo;s willingness to dial back extreme tariff threats. Click to read more.&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:&quot;/contentAsset/image/461abbae-6ce6-4a28-9de3-acb1f3f290b9/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/400/jpeg_q/90&quot;,&quot;footerByline&quot;:&quot;&lt;br&gt;Jun. 3, 2025&lt;br&gt;6 minutes to read&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;/en/ca/article/market-update-stocks-enjoy-powerful-rebound-as-progress-on-trade-reduces-odds-of-worst-case-outcome/detail&quot;,&quot;colored&quot;:null,&quot;html&quot;:&quot;&lt;div class=\&quot;media-read\&quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;93b2cdbd24af732728df633a83cc481a&quot;,&quot;footerAuthors&quot;:[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;D.E. Chornous, CFA&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:&quot;/contentAsset/image/4f584f28-f7c7-425a-ab6e-8835c567d2de/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/120/jpeg_q/85&quot;},{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;E.Savoie, CFA, CMT&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:&quot;/contentAsset/image/ce5aab0b-2e3a-45c8-b32b-7c009aafba85/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/120/jpeg_q/85&quot;}],&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Market update - Stocks enjoy powerful rebound as progress on trade reduces odds of worst-case outcome&quot;,&quot;category&quot;:&quot;Current Perspectives&quot;,&quot;footerLink&quot;:false}
	,

       {&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;After this webcast was recorded, a court ruling blocking a significant fraction of U.S. tariffs was announced. This complicates the tariff outlook, but likely doesn&amp;rsquo;t change the medium-term trajectory as the ruling may yet be overruled and the White House has other means to implement tariffs.&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:&quot;/contentAsset/image/d0143dd0-34a1-43d0-a0bd-205f532d2d36/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/510/jpeg_q/87&quot;,&quot;footerByline&quot;:&quot;&lt;br&gt;May 29, 2025&lt;br&gt;42 minutes, 34 seconds to watch&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;/en/ca/article/economic-webcast-june-2025/detail&quot;,&quot;colored&quot;:null,&quot;html&quot;:&quot;&lt;div class=\&quot;media-watch\&quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;30ddf7517cc7b88f2388aebdc08d2459&quot;,&quot;footerAuthors&quot;:[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;E.Lascelles&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:&quot;/contentAsset/image/36a63cf1-290c-465a-91b3-78ab1630524e/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/120/jpeg_q/85&quot;}],&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Economic Webcast - June 2025&quot;,&quot;category&quot;:&quot;ECONOMIC WEBCAST&quot;,&quot;footerLink&quot;:false}
	,

   {&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;Tariff news has been trending positively, but tensions remain. This week&amp;rsquo;s #MacroMemo video dives into key tariff themes and more.&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:&quot;/contentAsset/image/fe99f4df-9303-42db-8029-a89e1c00c738/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/510/jpeg_q/87&quot;,&quot;footerByline&quot;:&quot;&lt;br&gt;May 29, 2025&lt;br&gt;17 minutes, 41 seconds to watch&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;/en/ca/article/unpacking-the-latest-tariff-news/detail&quot;,&quot;colored&quot;:null,&quot;html&quot;:&quot;&lt;div class=\&quot;media-watch\&quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;9091820a808a8d956da792b5a627d38a&quot;,&quot;footerAuthors&quot;:[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;E.Lascelles&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:&quot;/contentAsset/image/36a63cf1-290c-465a-91b3-78ab1630524e/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/120/jpeg_q/85&quot;}],&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Unpacking the latest tariff news&quot;,&quot;category&quot;:&quot;#MacroMemo&quot;,&quot;footerLink&quot;:false}
	,

       {&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;Hear highlights from a recent discussion on collateralized loan (CLOs) obligations. Topics include an introduction on CLO vehicles and the diversification benefits of investing across CLO tranches within the capital structure, and the evolution of CLOs since 2012.&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:&quot;/contentAsset/image/29297e5ace47a78362156e087b0469ea/fileAsset/filter/Gamma,Resize,Jpeg/gamma_g/1.0/resize_w/510/jpeg_q/87&quot;,&quot;footerByline&quot;:&quot;&lt;br&gt;May 28, 2025&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;/en/ca/article/welcome-to-the-clo-2-era/detail&quot;,&quot;colored&quot;:null,&quot;html&quot;:&quot;&lt;div class=\&quot;media-listen\&quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;21117fb0eb7a2695bf119dac825d747b&quot;,&quot;footerAuthors&quot;:[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;M.Reed&quot;},{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;M.Shohet, CFA&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:&quot;/contentAsset/image/5cc4f5630635ecbbc79df5b7381f8ce5/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/120/jpeg_q/85&quot;}],&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Welcome to the CLO 2.0 era&quot;,&quot;category&quot;:&quot;ETF insights&quot;,&quot;footerLink&quot;:false,&quot;target&quot;:&quot;_self&quot;}
	,

                                                                    
       {&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;&lt;ul class=\&quot;list-highlight\&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Monthly economic webcast&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tariff developments&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tariff economic impact so far&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tariff economic impact ahead&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fiscal developments&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;\/ul&gt;&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:&quot;/contentAsset/image/76d73002-395c-4f45-a2e3-2afc00fb90f1/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/510/jpeg_q/87&quot;,&quot;footerByline&quot;:&quot;&lt;br&gt;May 27, 2025&lt;br&gt;37 minutes to read&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;/en/ca/article/macromemo-may-27-june-16-2025/detail&quot;,&quot;colored&quot;:null,&quot;html&quot;:&quot;&lt;div class=\&quot;media-read\&quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;94daa6ee90850e690af26b7bb9a4018b&quot;,&quot;footerAuthors&quot;:[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;E.Lascelles&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:&quot;/contentAsset/image/36a63cf1-290c-465a-91b3-78ab1630524e/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/120/jpeg_q/85&quot;}],&quot;title&quot;:&quot;MacroMemo - May 27 &amp;ndash; June 16, 2025&quot;,&quot;category&quot;:&quot;#MacroMemo&quot;,&quot;footerLink&quot;:false}
	]"
							columns="3"
					></rbc-media-card>
	</rbc-block>
  	  	   
                                                       
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/media-types.css" />


			<rbc-block
	title="Recent insights"
	    	text=""
    	description=""
					columns="10"
		header-columns="10"
		columns-center 			cta-link="/en/ca/insights/archive"
		 cta-text="View insight archives"		footer-cta-link=""
		footer-cta-text=""
			data-location="Recent insights"
>
	<rbc-media-card
	        heading-tag="h3"
			:card="false"
			:divider="true"
			:links-align-start="false"
			layout="stacked-horizontal"
					:articles="dynamicArticles"
							></rbc-media-card>
			<footer class="text-center rbc-section-block-footer" slot="footer">
			<rbc-button
					v-if="displayLoadMore"
					color="primary"
					outline
					@click="loadMoreArticles"
			>Load more insights</rbc-button>
		</footer>
	</rbc-block>
<a name="subscribe-anchor"></a>
<h1 style="visibility: hidden;">Investment insights and market updates</h1><!--


<div class="container py-2"> 
<rbc-alert :closable="false">Resources to help you understand market volatility and the impacts of COVID-19. <a href="/en/ca/insights/responding-to-covid-19" class="link-chev">Learn more</a></rbc-alert>
</div>


-->
</div>
<rbc-block v-cloak class="pt-0">
	<div class="row justify-content-center">
		<div class="col-lg-10">
			<a class="anchor" id="subscription"></a>
			<div class="d-flex well">
				<div class="pr-1 pr-md-2 flex-grow-0">
					<rbc-caption
						:circle="false"
						avatar-size="xlarge"
						image="/_assets/images/icons/email-with-alert.svg"
						aria-hidden="true"
					></rbc-caption>
				</div>
				<div v-if="subIsSuccessful">
					<h4 class="h3">
						Subscribed, thank you!
					</h4>
					<p>
						You will get notifications straight to your inbox when new publications are released.
					</p>
				</div>	
				<div v-else>
					<h4 class="h3">
						Stay informed
					</h4>
					<p class="mb-1">
						Sign up to receive the latest insights from RBC GAM thought leaders. Market commentary, economic insights, and current investment trends delivered straight to your inbox.
					</p>
					<div class="d-flex">
                        <rbc-checkbox
                            id="subMacroMemo"
                            v-model="subMacroMemo"
                            aria-label="#MacroMemo"
                            name="checkMacroMemo">
                        </rbc-checkbox>
                        
                        <button 
                        id="subMacroMemoOpenButton"
							class="link-button"
							@click="macroMemoModalToggle"
						>#MacroMemo</button>
                        <div class="modal-sub">

						<rbc-modal
                            id='showMacroMemoModal'
														:active="showMacroMemoModal"
							title="#MacroMemo"
							@toggle="macroMemoModalToggle"
						>
							<p>This weekly update brings you the latest thinking from RBC Global Asset Management's Chief Economist Eric Lascelles.</p>
						</rbc-modal>
                        </div>
					</div>
					<div class="d-flex">
					   
                        <rbc-checkbox
                            id="subEconomicOutlook" 
                            v-model="subEconomicOutlook" 
                            aria-label="The monthly brief"
                            name="checkEconomicOutlook"
                        ></rbc-checkbox>
                        
                        <button 
                            id='subEconomicOutlookOpenButton'
							class="link-button"
							@click="economicOutlookModalToggle">
							The monthly brief
						</button>
						<rbc-modal
                            id='showEconomicOutlookModal'
														:active="showEconomicOutlookModal"
							title="The monthly brief"
							@toggle="economicOutlookModalToggle"
						>
							<p>Your source for the latest market updates and thought leadership from RBC GAM. Including the monthly economic webcast from Chief Economist Eric Lascelles.</p>
						</rbc-modal>
					</div>
					<div class="d-flex">

                        <rbc-checkbox 
                            id="subGlobalInvestmentOutlook"
                            v-model="subGlobalInvestmentOutlook" 
                            aria-label="Global Investment Outlook" 
                            name="checkGlobalInvestmentOutlook"
                        ></rbc-checkbox>

                        <button 
                        id='subGlobalInvestmentOutlookOpenButton'
							class="link-button"
							@click="globalInvestmentOutlookModalToggle"
						>Global Investment Outlook</button>
						<rbc-modal
                            id="showGlobalInvestmentOutlookModal"
														:active="showGlobalInvestmentOutlookModal"
							title="Global Investment Outlook"
							@toggle="globalInvestmentOutlookModalToggle"
						>
							<p>Every quarter, the RBC GAM Investment Strategy Committee (RISC) develops a detailed global investment forecast. Read their latest thinking in this in-depth quarterly report and watch videos that highlight their views.</p>
						</rbc-modal>
					</div>
					<rbc-expandable :expanded="subMacroMemo || subEconomicOutlook || subGlobalInvestmentOutlook">
						<div class="mt-1 subscriptionFormOpen">
							<hr>
							<div class="row">
								<div class="col-md-6">
									<rbc-input 
										label="First name"
                                        aria-label="First name"
										v-model="subFirstName"
										class="mb-1"
										type="text"
										id="firstNameSubscriptionField"
																			></rbc-input>
								</div>
								<div class="col-md-6">
                            <rbc-input 
                                label="Last name" 
                                aria-label="Last name"
                                v-model="subLastName" 
                                class="mb-1"
                                type="text"
                            ></rbc-input>
								</div>
								<div class="col-md-6">
                                <rbc-input 
                                    label="Email address" 
                                    aria-label="Email address"
                                    v-model="subEmail" 
                                    class="mb-1" 
                                    type="email"
                                    id="emailSubscriptionField" 
                                                                    ></rbc-input>
								</div>
								<div class="col-md-6">
                                <rbc-input 
                                    label="Verify email address" 
                                    aria-label="Verify email address"
                                    v-model="subEmailVerif" 
                                    type="text"
                                    :required="true" 
                                    aria-required="true"
                                    class="mb-1" 
                                    error-label="Emails provided don't match"
                                    :validate-regex="'^'+subEmail+'$'"
                                ></rbc-input>
								</div>
							</div>
							<rbc-alert v-if="subError" type="danger" class="mb-1">
								{{ subErrorText }}
							</rbc-alert>

                                <rbc-checkbox 
                                    id="subTermsAndconditions"
                                    v-model="subTermsAndconditions" 
                                    name="termsAndconditions"
                                    aria-label="Subscription terms"
                                    class="mb-1">
                                    By signing up, I agree to receive the indicated publication by email from RBC Global Asset Management Inc. You can withdraw your consent at any time. Please refer to the <a class='always-underlined' href="https://www.rbc.com/privacysecurity/ca/index.html" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> or <a class='always-underlined' href="/en/ca/about-us/contact-us" target="_blank">contact us</a> for more details.
                                </rbc-checkbox>
							<div>
								<rbc-button 
									@click="subscriptionSubmit" 
									:disabled="(subMacroMemo == false && subEconomicOutlook == false && subGlobalInvestmentOutlook == false) || (subFirstName == '') || (subLastName == '') || (subTermsAndconditions == false) || !subValidateEmail() || (subEmailVerif != subEmail)  || subSubmitted"
									loading-type="inline" 
									:loading="subIsLoading"
                                    :aria-label="`${subButtonText} button`"
								>
									{{ subButtonText}}
								</rbc-button>
							</div>
						</div>
					</rbc-expandable>
				</div>
			</div>
		</div>
	</div>
</rbc-block>

<script type="module">
    
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {

   const configs = [{
         buttonId: 'subMacroMemoOpenButton',
         modalId: 'showMacroMemoModal',
         closeSelector: '.modal-close',
         closeButtonId: 'showMacroMemoModalButtonClose',
         hideModal: true,
         focusDelay: false
      },
      {
         buttonId: 'subEconomicOutlookOpenButton',
         modalId: 'showEconomicOutlookModal',
         closeSelector: '.modal-close',
         closeButtonId: 'showEconomicOutlookModalButtonClose',
         hideModal: false,
         focusDelay: true
      },
      {
         buttonId: 'subGlobalInvestmentOutlookOpenButton',
         modalId: 'showGlobalInvestmentOutlookModal',
         closeSelector: '.modal-close',
         closeButtonId: 'showGlobalInvestmentOutlookModalButtonClose',
         hideModal: true,
         focusDelay: false
      }
   ];

   configs.forEach(function(config) {
      const openButton = document.getElementById(config.buttonId);
      if (openButton) {
         openButton.addEventListener("click", function() {

            const triggeringElement = openButton;
            console.log(config.buttonId + " clicked");
            const modal = document.getElementById(config.modalId);
            if (modal) {

               document.body.classList.remove("modal-is-open");

               let closeButtons = [];
               if (config.closeSelector) {
                  const selectorButtons = modal.querySelectorAll(config.closeSelector);
                  closeButtons = closeButtons.concat(Array.from(selectorButtons));
               }
               if (config.closeButtonId) {
                  const closeBtnById = document.getElementById(config.closeButtonId);
                  if (closeBtnById) {
                     closeButtons.push(closeBtnById);
                  }
               }


               function closeModal() {
                  if (config.hideModal) {
                     modal.style.display = 'none';
                  }

                  modal.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true');
                  document.body.classList.remove("modal-is-open");

                  if (config.focusDelay) {
                     setTimeout(function() {
                        triggeringElement.focus();
                     }, 100);
                  } else {
                     triggeringElement.focus();
                  }

                  document.removeEventListener('keydown', escKeyHandler);
                  modal.removeEventListener('click', clickOutsideHandler);
                  closeButtons.forEach(btn => btn.removeEventListener('click', closeModal));
               }

               function escKeyHandler(e) {
                  if (e.key === "Escape" || e.keyCode === 27) {
                     closeModal();
                  }
               }
               document.addEventListener('keydown', escKeyHandler);

               closeButtons.forEach(function(closeButton) {
                  closeButton.addEventListener("click", closeModal);
               });

               function clickOutsideHandler(e) {
                  if (e.target === modal) {
                     closeModal();
                  }
               }
               modal.addEventListener('click', clickOutsideHandler);
            }
         });
      }
   });
});
</script>
<footer v-cloak id="footers" class="footer style-focus-inverted"><div class="footer-top" data-location="Footer menu"><div class="container"><div class="row"><h2 class="sr-only">Footer</h2>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6"><h3 class="footer-header">Products
</h3><ul class="list-links footer-list"><li><a href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/" >Mutual funds</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/etfs/index" >RBC iShares ETFs</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/alternative-investments/" >Alternative investments</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6"><h3 class="footer-header">Investor information
</h3><ul class="list-links footer-list"><li><a href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/?tab=documents&fundfacts=true" >Fund facts (mutual funds)</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/etfs/index?tab=documents&fundfacts=true" >Fund facts (RBC iShares ETFs)</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/pfic-reporting" >PFIC reporting</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/financial-reports-prospectuses" >Regulatory documents</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/fund-governance/" >Fund governance</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/proxy-voting/" >Proxy voting</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/unclaimed-property" >Unclaimed property</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/important-investor-information" >Important investor information</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6"><h3 class="footer-header">About RBC GAM</h3><ul class="list-links footer-list"><li><a href="/en/global/corporate-story/" >Our story</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/about-us/news-releases" >Media centre</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/about-us/contact-us" >Contact us</a></li><li><a href="https://jobs.rbc.com/ca/en" target="_blank" class="link-ext">Careers</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6"><h3 class="footer-header">Investing
</h3><ul class="list-links footer-list"><li><a href="/en/ca/about-us/ready-to-invest" >Ready to invest?</a></li></ul></div>	</div></div></div><div class="footer-bottom" data-location="Footer copyright"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-9 mb-lg-0 mb-1"><span class="d-block">
<sup>®</sup> / <sup>TM</sup> Trademark(s) of Royal Bank of Canada. Used under licence. iSHARES is a registered trademark of BlackRock, Inc., or its subsidiaries in the United States and elsewhere. Used under licence. © 2025 RBC Global Asset Management Inc. and BlackRock Asset Management Canada Limited. All rights reserved.
</span>
<ul class="list-separator footer-list-separator mt-half">         <li>        <a href="https://www.rbc.com/privacysecurity/" target="_blank" class="link-ext">Privacy & security</a>    </li>              <li>        <a href="https://www.rbc.com/legal/" target="_blank" class="link-ext">Legal</a>    </li>              <li>        <a href="http://www.rbc.com/accessibility/" target="_blank" class="link-ext">Accessibility</a>    </li>              <li>        <a href="/en/ca/terms-and-conditions" >Terms and conditions</a>    </li>                 <li>            <!-- OneTrust Cookies Settings button start -->
        <a aria-label="Advertising & Cookies" id="openCookieSettings" role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="openCookieSettings(event);">Advertising & Cookies</a>            <!-- OneTrust Cookies Settings button end --> 
        </li>              <li>        <a href="https://www.rbc.com/" target="_blank" class="link-ext">About RBC</a>    </li>     </ul></div><div class="col-lg-3 mt-lg-0 mt-2 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-end"><ul class="list-inline footer-social-list">
<li class="footer-social-item"><a  href="https://twitter.com/rbcgamnews"  target="_blank" class="footer-social-link"rel="noreferrer"aria-label="Twitter"
><svg role='img' class="icon x-twitter-icon" aria-label="twitter" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="18" width="18" viewBox="0 0 470 470">
    		    <path class="x-twitter-path" fill="#fff" d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z"/>
            </svg></a></li>
<li class="footer-social-item"><a href="https://linkedin.com/company/rbc-global-asset-management" target="_blank" class="footer-social-link"rel="noreferrer"><rbc-icon icon="linkedin-in"></rbc-icon></a></li></ul><rbc-button outline
link="#"size="small" color="white">Back to top</rbc-button></div></div></div></div></footer><div v-if="raptors" v-cloak id="raptorWrap" style="z-index: 999999999" aria-hidden="true"> <div id="chompOverlay"></div><svg id="raptor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 500 800"> <g id="tail" style="transform-origin: 190px 510px"> <path class="f-warm-red" d="M218.42 439.5s-90.22 28.15-132.08.65c-38.08-25.03-39.61-63.65-58.63-60.86S13.3 466.14 54.64 508.94s113.12 55.49 155.78 65.56z"/> <path class="f-dark-grey" d="M115.46 515.25l30.93 38.2-42.72-16.82 11.79-21.38zM82.09 497.83c.54 2.6 8.03 32.15 8.03 32.15l-23.49-15.41zM55.42 473.62l.2 27-17.81-20.64 17.61-6.36zM41.18 444.12l-7.1 24.46-10.07-29.01 17.17 4.55zM34.18 410.4L23.9 426.07l-1.72-21.28 11.99 5.63z"/> </g> <g id="legLeft" style="transform-origin: 265px 495px"> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-3" d="M326.13 667.83a10.88 10.88 0 0 1 9.45 4.7c2.26 3.28 6.81 9.97 15.84 9.97 20 0 27-5 42 3 14.32 7.64 14.26 29.46 10.02 43.58-3.26 10.88-9.88 15.06-12.75 16.4a5.76 5.76 0 0 1-2.44.55h-141.6a5.69 5.69 0 0 1-4.6-2.36c-1.89-2.59-3.63-11.17-3.63-24.17a358.12 358.12 0 0 1 2.28-41.94 7.26 7.26 0 0 1 6.88-6.27z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark-1" d="M243.28 750.5h150.28a2.24 2.24 0 0 0 1.88-2.47l.98-4.06a2.24 2.24 0 0 0-1.88-2.47H242.3a2.24 2.24 0 0 0-1.88 2.47l.98 4.06a2.24 2.24 0 0 0 1.88 2.47z"/> <rect class="f-warm-red-dark-1" x="332.44" y="674.92" width="13" height="25.38" rx="3.81" ry="3.81" transform="rotate(-152.95 338.94 687.6)"/> <rect class="f-warm-red-dark-1" x="353.26" y="679.49" width="13" height="24.93" rx="3.81" ry="3.81" transform="rotate(-176.16 359.76 691.96)"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark-1" d="M330.75 623.9v49.43s-5.25 14.6-49.33 16.17c-28 1-36.77-12-36.77-12l-2.87-55z"/> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-3" d="M321.28 485.18l13.7 140.14s-12.7 7.06-49.42 7.06-45.19-7.06-45.19-7.06l4.24-135.94z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M285.56 622.5c31.97 0 45.73-4.92 48.76-6.2l.66 9.02s-12.7 7.06-49.42 7.06-45.19-7.06-45.19-7.06l.35-9.08c1.9 1.14 12.2 6.26 44.84 6.26z"/> </g> <g id="legRight" style="transform-origin: 265px 495px"> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-2" d="M255.13 682.83a10.88 10.88 0 0 1 9.45 4.7c2.26 3.28 6.81 9.97 15.84 9.97 20 0 27-5 42 3 14.32 7.64 14.26 29.46 10.02 43.58-3.26 10.88-9.88 15.06-12.75 16.4a5.76 5.76 0 0 1-2.44.55h-141.6a5.69 5.69 0 0 1-4.6-2.36c-1.89-2.59-3.63-11.17-3.63-24.17a358.12 358.12 0 0 1 2.28-41.94 7.26 7.26 0 0 1 6.88-6.27z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M172.28 765.5h150.28a2.24 2.24 0 0 0 1.88-2.47l.98-4.06a2.24 2.24 0 0 0-1.88-2.47H171.3a2.24 2.24 0 0 0-1.88 2.47l.98 4.06a2.24 2.24 0 0 0 1.88 2.47z"/> <rect class="f-warm-red-dark" x="261.44" y="689.92" width="13" height="25.38" rx="3.81" ry="3.81" transform="rotate(-152.95 267.94 702.6)"/> <rect class="f-warm-red-dark" x="282.26" y="694.49" width="13" height="24.93" rx="3.81" ry="3.81" transform="scale(-1) rotate(3.84 21111.35 -8622.34)"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M259.75 638.9v49.43s-5.25 14.6-49.33 16.17c-28 1-36.77-12-36.77-12l-2.87-55z"/> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-2" d="M250.28 500.18l13.7 140.14s-12.7 7.06-49.42 7.06-45.19-7.06-45.19-7.06l4.24-135.94z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-tint-1" d="M177.42 642.5h51l-5-146h-43l-3 146z"/> <path class="f-warm-red" d="M214.56 637.5c31.97 0 45.73-4.92 48.76-6.2l.66 9.02s-12.7 7.06-49.42 7.06-45.19-7.06-45.19-7.06l.35-9.08c1.9 1.14 12.2 6.26 44.84 6.26z"/> <circle class="f-grey-light-tint-2" cx="202.92" cy="613" r="17.5"/> </g> <g id="jersey"> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-2" d="M338.07 510.97s-28.15 15.64-71.48 17.69c-54.65 2.58-102.26-13.49-102.26-13.49s-5.37-151.01 7.21-173.67c13.88-25 23.57-35 61.88-35 35.42 0 80.33 43.1 80.33 43.1s12.53-3.68 16.21 50.11c3.58 52.32 8.1 111.26 8.1 111.26z"/> <path class="s-dark-grey" d="M338.07 504.34s-28.15 15.64-71.48 17.69c-54.65 2.58-102.26-13.49-102.26-13.49"/> <path class="s-dark-grey" d="M338.07 496.97s-28.15 15.64-71.48 17.69c-54.65 2.58-102.26-13.49-102.26-13.49"/> <path class="f-warm-red-tint-1" d="M189.42 501.74V382a29.5 29.5 0 0 1 59 0v126.87a318.99 318.99 0 0 1-59-7.13z"/> </g> <path id="neck" class="f-warm-red-dark-1" d="M314.49 308.34c.62 1.24 2.55 40.04.59 50.63a2.42 2.42 0 0 1-3.46 1.73c-12.63-6.29-41.34-28.78-89.97-38.36-22.45-4.42-25.8-7.37-25.8-14.73s-10.31-36.11-10.31-36.11z"/> <g id="head" style="transform-origin: 270px 300px"> <g id="headBottom" style="transform-origin: 175px 230px"> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-3" d="M440.92 279s2-11-2-20-7-12-10-12-5 7-7 13c-2.02 6.07-7 15-7 15zM467.08 283s1.36-11-1.36-20-4.75-12-6.79-12-3.4 7-4.75 13a143.74 143.74 0 0 1-4.76 15zM478.25 281a112.54 112.54 0 0 0-.68-20c-1.36-9-2.38-12-3.4-12s-1.7 7-2.37 13c-.69 6.07-2.38 15-2.38 15zM404.3 273.04s6.76-8.9 7.27-18.74-.81-13.87-3.49-15.23-7.62 3.98-12.12 8.43c-4.56 4.5-13.04 10.2-13.04 10.2zM374.89 254.9s5.26-9.93 3.37-19.85-4.34-13.75-7.64-14.7-7.44 5.12-11.3 10.25c-3.93 5.18-11.88 12.17-11.88 12.17zM331.91 238.52s2.3-8.95-2.26-16.27-8-9.78-11.43-9.78-5.73 5.69-8.02 10.56c-2.32 4.94-8.02 12.2-8.02 12.2z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M117.47 223.6s-1.3 36.4 22.5 61.4 83.83 28 110.5 30 90.5 18 111.45 27 49.54 5 69.54-6 42.24-31.68 46.68-37c6.66-8 4.76-25 0-26s-28.58 0-49.54-4-34.52-21.07-58.1-28c-23.82-7-36.06-13.8-70.5-10-18.1 2-57.15-12-92.4-30z"/> </g> <g id="headTop" style="transform-origin: 175px 230px"> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M450.92 95s-2-14-15-17-33.34-2-46.67 8.5l37.67 2.5z"/> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-3" d="M410.38 157.85s5.29 9.85 4.25 19.65-2.97 13.57-5.82 14.5-6.91-5.13-10.66-10.22c-3.8-5.16-11.28-12.12-11.28-12.12zM438.12 147.04s4.92 9.13 3.92 18.23-2.82 12.62-5.5 13.48-6.46-4.73-9.96-9.45c-3.54-4.78-10.53-11.22-10.53-11.22zM458.17 134.45s5.98 7.17 7.4 15.12.86 11.22-.99 12.33-6.1-3.19-9.92-6.77a103.72 103.72 0 0 0-10.78-8.2zM469.32 130.36s5.4 7.52 7.97 14.78 2.88 10 1.9 10.6-4.65-4.06-7.9-7.98c-3.28-3.97-8.76-9.41-8.76-9.41zM378.63 172.06s5.8 7.86 5.41 16.63-2.03 12.39-4.76 13.64-7.07-3.45-11.06-7.36c-4.04-3.95-11.78-8.93-11.78-8.93zM348.23 189.56s5.24 6.65 4.4 14.44-2.62 11.08-5.35 12.33-6.72-2.69-10.41-5.94c-3.73-3.3-11.04-7.3-11.04-7.3z"/> <path class="f-warm-red" d="M180.94 111c-5.72 11-27.63 16-36.2 27s-31.44 58-26.67 93 100.02-3 120.02-4 80.02-12 93.35-20 103.92-49.71 119.07-57c22.86-11 33.34-19 19.05-44-13.2-23.09-34.29-19-42.86-22s-20-2-26.67 0-48.58 13-61.92 12-16.2 2-29.53-5-41.91-11-64.77-7-55.5 12.82-62.87 27z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M426.92 112c-7 6-12.04 11-23 10-8.27-.75-23.33-6.03-30.3-8.6a.57.57 0 0 0-.53 1c5.91 4.36 18.84 13.35 27.83 15.6 10.85 2.71 19.48 3.52 27-4 5-5 5.12-19.25-1-14z"/> <path class="f-dark-grey" d="M339.42 95.5c1.42 2.83-24 18-30 18-5.06 0-7.99-9.97-11.78-14.88a1.73 1.73 0 0 1 1.08-2.74c4.88-.88 14.04-2.38 19.7-2.38 8 0 20 0 21 2z"/> <g> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M268.5 135.67a14 14 0 0 0-.15-14.2c-4.45-7.6-23.09-12.86-37.28-11.61-10.94.96-27.22 9.04-34.73 21.14-4.65 7.48-8.57 15.39-9.6 20.86-1.02 5.37 10.92-.12 15.28-1.26 4.23-1.1 66.49-14.93 66.49-14.93z"/> <path class="f-white" d="M269.77 139.26c3.2-6.56-13.47-20.25-27.94-23.7s-30.03 5.14-37.15 14.82-7.03 20.27-4.53 25.26c1.8 3.58 15.59-4.98 33.61-7.58s34.83-6.38 36-8.8z"/> <path class="f-dark-grey" d="M223.39 138.9a6.62 6.62 0 1 0-.15-13.25 6.79 6.79 0 0 0-4.46 1.73 46.31 46.31 0 0 1 1.58-9.27c6.62-2.96 14.18-4.28 21.47-2.54.7.16 1.42.36 2.14.58-2.15 2.92-5.89 7.33-5.82 13.7.05 4.33 1.65 12.3 2.71 17.12-2.32.38-4.7.75-7.1 1.1-.77.1-1.54.23-2.3.36a20.56 20.56 0 0 1-10.84-10.09 6.82 6.82 0 0 0 2.77.56z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-tint-1" d="M216.82 102.05s23.65-7.81 46.7 3.42a.55.55 0 0 1-.35 1.03c-8.7-1.9-29.45-5.38-45.1.34-13.46 4.91-23.19 14.53-28.22 20.47a.54.54 0 0 1-.88-.64c4.46-7.53 13.83-20.33 27.85-24.62z"/> <ellipse class="f-white-30" cx="230.35" cy="137.1" rx="4.77" ry="6.88"/> </g> </g> </g> <g id="armRight" style="transform-origin: 200px 375px"> <path class="f-warm-red" d="M209.86 341.5c-49.37 0-34.55 48.72-32.43 76.63 1.29 16.9 4.55 40.78 7.37 63.37s-8.5 37.51-5.9 51.58c3.7 19.9 23.28 25.79 33.17 25.79 16.94 0 38.28-9.31 39.79-21.37 1.47-11.79-5.16-28.74-1.48-32.42 4.48-4.48 16.18-2.06 15.48-15.47-.7-13.38-16.95-16.95-31.69-14 0 0-2.76-37.22 1.48-62.64 2.82-16.94 18.42-71.47-25.8-71.47z"/> <path class="s-warm-red-dark" d="M228.5 556.04c-.23-2.3 7.15-9.64 0-28.46M202.24 557.1s-5.23-18.66.05-30.65"/> </g> </svg><svg id="ball" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 130 130"> <circle class="f-dark-grey" cy="65" cx="65" r="63"/> <path class="ball" d="M9.93 30.52a63.16 63.16 0 0 1 16.76-3.68c21.39-1.95 35.56-3.72 42.12-5.26a28.96 28.96 0 0 0 14.7-8.08A51.94 51.94 0 0 0 49.6 1.86 65.2 65.2 0 0 0 9.92 30.52zM99.96 27.24a129.3 129.3 0 0 1 14.27-4.6A65.34 65.34 0 0 0 92.23 6a39.83 39.83 0 0 1-4.45 7.21 73.52 73.52 0 0 1 12.18 14.03z"/> <path class="ball" d="M9.11 98.14c3.28-7.7 11.6-21.88 31.94-37C68.9 40.43 87.63 32.36 97.09 28.42a71.08 71.08 0 0 0-11.26-12.95 31.81 31.81 0 0 1-16.33 9.05c-6.8 1.6-20.7 3.34-42.53 5.33A55.6 55.6 0 0 0 7.4 34.94a64.8 64.8 0 0 0 1.71 63.2zM101.65 29.82a119.24 119.24 0 0 1 8 14.7c7.63-1.79 14.03 1.34 18.42 4.79a64.79 64.79 0 0 0-11.72-24.1 133.8 133.8 0 0 0-14.7 4.6zM62.32.07a56.01 56.01 0 0 1 23.12 11.18 36.58 36.58 0 0 0 4.02-6.46A64.63 64.63 0 0 0 65 0c-.9 0-1.79.03-2.68.07zM116.42 104.7a64.69 64.69 0 0 0 12.66-50.53c-3.54-3.63-10.01-8.49-18.2-6.83a95.04 95.04 0 0 1 7.64 43.6 83.7 83.7 0 0 1-2.1 13.76z"/> <path class="ball" d="M107.96 48.2c-8.67 3.52-18.34 22.29-26.88 38.88-5.67 11.02-11.03 21.44-16.04 27.62a385.4 385.4 0 0 1-12.2 14.14 64.77 64.77 0 0 0 58.83-18.67 77.6 77.6 0 0 0 3.85-19.6c.72-10.5-.34-25.34-7.56-42.36z"/> <path class="ball" d="M78.4 85.7c9.17-17.83 18.65-36.24 28.34-40.26a116.62 116.62 0 0 0-7.94-14.46c-9.16 3.8-27.84 11.68-55.95 32.59-21.66 16.1-29.28 31.28-31.72 37.76a65.2 65.2 0 0 0 38.31 26.77 399.6 399.6 0 0 0 13.25-15.3c4.81-5.94 10.1-16.22 15.7-27.1z"/> </svg><svg id="net" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 246 225"> <path class="net-string" d="M138.22 54.74l-.13.15h.31l-.18-.15z"/> <path class="net-string" d="M148.29 213.56l17.64-21.93 28.98 32.42-.4-8.34c-.03-.49-2.37-48.8-2.37-79.15 0-32.4.92-57.67 12.81-87.68C216.82 18.93 238.78 7.95 239 7.85l-2.6-5.32c-.88.43-19.71 9.86-32.75 34.97l-34.03 39.1-20.49-25.47 8.05-44.83-5.82-1.04-8.13 45.28-21.9 22.94-21.9-22.94-8.12-45.28-5.83 1.04 8.05 44.83-20.5 25.47-34.02-39.1C25.97 12.4 7.14 2.96 6.25 2.53L3.66 7.85c.22.1 22.18 11.08 34.05 41.03 11.9 30.01 12.81 55.27 12.81 87.68 0 30.34-2.34 78.66-2.36 79.15l-.41 8.34 28.98-32.42 19.36 24.22 2.16-1.53 23.08-24.72 23.08 24.72 1.38 1.53zM185.9 106.3l-18.8 21.35-16.93-19.69 19.26-22.13zm.43 43.73L171 132.17l15.51-17.61a834.21 834.21 0 0 0-.17 35.46zm-81.82 10.52l16.81-18.82 16.81 18.82-16.81 19.1zm37.84-52.61l-21.03 24.16-21.03-24.16 21.03-24.46zm-24.67 28.99l-17.11 19.14-21.08-23.93 16.9-19.66zm7.28 0l21.29-24.45 16.9 19.66-21.08 23.93zm20.82-80.5l19.88 24.72-19.39 22.28-21.49-25zm-48.92 0l21 22-21.5 25L77 81.14zm-23.65 29.4l19.26 22.13-16.93 19.7-18.8-21.36zm-17.07 28.74l15.5 17.61-15.33 17.85a834.22 834.22 0 0 0-.17-35.46zm-10-59.83l23.12 26.56-14.04 17.45a179.22 179.22 0 0 0-9.07-44.01zm8.3 152.95c.41-9.4 1.07-25.52 1.52-41.87l17 21.14zm2.82-49.69l18.34-21.33 21 23.85-19.64 21.97zm39.56 49.18l-16.1-20.01 19.81-22.18 17.32 19.67zm49 0l-21.03-22.52 17.32-19.67 19.81 22.18zm19.86-24.69l-19.63-21.97 21-23.85 18.33 21.33zm4 4.47l17-21.14c.45 16.35 1.11 32.47 1.52 41.87zm17.74-88.21l-14.04-17.45 23.11-26.56a179.22 179.22 0 0 0-9.07 44z"/> <path class="net-string" d="M104.44 54.74l-.18.15h.3l-.12-.15z"/> <rect class="net-rim" y=".95" width="246" height="16" rx="8" ry="8"/> </svg></div>        </div>
    </main>
<script>
    vueData["insightsCategories"] = [
        {
            title: "Publications",
            links:[
                                        {
                    text: "Responsible investment",
                    link: "responsible-investment"
                },
                                                    {
                    text: "Current Perspectives",
                    link: "current-perspectives"
                },
                                                    {
                    text: "#MacroMemo",
                    link: "macromemo"
                },
                                                    {
                    text: "Global Investment Outlook",
                    link: "global-investment-outlook"
                },
                                                    {
                    text: "Economic Webcast",
                    link: "economic-webcast"
                },
                                                    {
                    text: "ETF insights",
                    link: "etf-insights"
                },
                                                { text: "The Download podcast", link: "podcasts/"}
            ]
        }                                                                                                                                                            ];

		// vueData.subscriptionIframeHeight = '600px';
// window.addEventListener('message', function(e){
//     // location.href = e.data.url;
//     // console.log(e);
//     // console.log('boom');
//     if (e.data.height > 0) vueData.subscriptionIframeHeight = (e.data.height + 50) + 'px !important';
//     // console.log(e.data.sublist);
//     if(typeof e.data.sublist != "undefined"){
//     dataLayer.push({ 'event' :  'rbcwmEvent', 'data-analytics' :  '20', 'data-label': e.data.sublist.join(',')});//     }
// });

vueData.subFirstName = '';
vueData.subLastName = '';
vueData.subEmail = '';
vueData.subEmailVerif = '';
vueData.subLang = 'en';
vueData.subDc = null;

vueData.subIsSuccessful = false;
vueData.subIsLoading = false;
vueData.subSubmitted = false;
vueData.subTermsAndconditions = false;
vueData.subButtonText = 'Sign me up';
vueData.subError = false;
vueData.subErrorText = 'There was an error';
vueData.subMacroMemo = false;
vueData.subEconomicOutlook = false;
vueData.subGlobalInvestmentOutlook = false;
vueData.showMacroMemoModal = false;
vueData.subscriptionFormTitle = 'Stay informed';

	
vueMethods.macroMemoModalToggle = function() {
	this.showMacroMemoModal = !this.showMacroMemoModal;
};
vueData.showEconomicOutlookModal = false;
vueMethods.economicOutlookModalToggle = function() {
	this.showEconomicOutlookModal = !this.showEconomicOutlookModal;
};
vueData.showGlobalInvestmentOutlookModal = false;
vueMethods.globalInvestmentOutlookModalToggle = function() {
	this.showGlobalInvestmentOutlookModal = !this.showGlobalInvestmentOutlookModal;
};
vueData.subURL = 'https://api.cment.net/RBCGAM/SFSubscriptionShare';
vueMethods.subValidateEmail = function() {
	var reg = /^\w+([-+.']\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*$/;
	if (this.subEmail.trim().length == 0){
		return false;
	}
	if (reg.test(this.subEmail)){
		return true;
	}
	else{
		return false;
	}
};


vueMethods.getSubNames = function() {
	var tempList = [];
	if(this.subMacroMemo == true) {
		tempList.push("macromemo");
	}
	if(this.subEconomicOutlook == true) {
		tempList.push("monthlybrief");
	}
	if(this.subGlobalInvestmentOutlook == true) {
		tempList.push("gio");
	}
	return tempList;
};

vueMethods.subscriptionSubmit = function() {
	var _self = this;
	var subList = _self.getSubNames();
	// var subscriptionData = { SubReq: { EmailAddress: _self.subEmail, SubList: subList}};
	var subscriptionData = { firstName: _self.subFirstName, lastName: _self.subLastName, email: _self.subEmail, language: _self.subLang, dealercode: _self.subDc, subscribe: subList};
	_self.subIsLoading = true;
	_self.subSubmitted = true;
	_self.subButtonText = 'Sending...';
	
    let macromemoCheckbox = vueData.subMacroMemo ? '_#macromemo': '';
    let theMonthlyBriefCheckbox = vueData.subEconomicOutlook ? '_the_monthly_brief': '';
    let gioCheckbox = vueData.subGlobalInvestmentOutlook ? '_global_innvestment_outlook': '';

	
	fetch(_self.subURL, {
		method: "POST", 
		mode: "cors",
		headers: { 'Accept': 'application/json', 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
		body: JSON.stringify(subscriptionData)
	}).then(function(response){
		return response.json();
	}).then(function(data) {

		if (data.status == 200) {
			_self.subButtonText = 'Registered, thank you!';
			_self.subIsSuccessful = true;
			_self.subIsLoading = false;
			_self.subError = false;
 
			dataLayer.push({ 'event' :  'rbcwmEvent', 'data-analytics' :  '20', 'data-label': subList.join(',') });
			
			window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
            window.dataLayer.push({
                event: 'generate_lead',
                funnel_cateogry: 'contact form',
                funnel_step_number: '3',
                funnel_step_name: 'submit',
                transaction_id: undefined,
                funnel_name: 'generate_lead_join_our_mailing_list',
                link_text: `${macromemoCheckbox}${theMonthlyBriefCheckbox}${gioCheckbox}`.slice(1),
            });
            
            
            window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
            window.dataLayer.push({
                event: "purchase",
                method: "submit",
                ecommerce: {
                    transaction_id: undefined, 
                    items: [{
                        item_name: 'generate_lead_newsletter_subscription',
                        item_category: "lead generation"
                    }]
                }
            });
            
		} else {
			_self.subError = true;
			_self.subErrorText = 'Error - '+ data.id[0].label + ': ' + data.id[0].errorMsg;
			_self.subSubmitted = false;
			_self.subIsLoading = false;
			_self.subButtonText = 'Sign me up';
			
			
		}
	}).catch(function(error){
		_self.subError = true;
		_self.subIsSuccessful = false;
		_self.subSubmitted = false;
		_self.subErrorText = 'There was an error';
		_self.subIsLoading = false;
		_self.subButtonText = 'Sign me up';
			});
	
};</script>
<script>
    vueData.displayLoadMore = true;
    vueData.dynamicArticles = [
                    
                                                                        
       {"summary":"In this article, Jeremy Richardson explains the three potential tariff steps on the &lsquo;Stairway to Liberation&rsquo;, and discusses current market consensus and strategies to manage policy uncertainty in equity portfolios.","image":"/contentAsset/image/8e40cff1-97ed-4aa6-9cd4-cf3f3602d09f/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/224/jpeg_q/86","footerByline":" \u2022  May 21, 2025 \u2022  6 minutes to read","link":"/en/ca/article/global-equities-where-we-do-stop-on-the-tariff-staircase/detail","colored":null,"html":"<div class=\"media-read\"><\/div>","id":"e078cd43278109c8dc81fc2fe5488478","footerAuthors":[{"name":"J.Richardson","image":"/contentAsset/image/e728c53a-93d5-4e62-b5d3-64c25f8f4d32/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/120/jpeg_q/85"}],"title":"Global equities: where we do stop on the tariff staircase?","category":"Current Perspectives","footerLink":false},
                    
                                                                        
       {"summary":"Despite the global economy&rsquo;s dependence on nature, efforts to quantify related risks and opportunities have been constrained by a lack of consistent and reliable data and methodologies.","image":"/contentAsset/image/bdaf8b2b-63c9-4d92-a19f-9d33d69cd2e6/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/224/jpeg_q/86","footerByline":" \u2022  May 20, 2025 \u2022  10 minutes to read","link":"/en/ca/article/perspectives-on-climate-change-and-nature/detail","colored":null,"html":"<div class=\"media-read\"><\/div>","id":"2483815424965e01b81de68678c8429a","footerAuthors":[{"name":"RBC GAM Responsible Investment team"}],"title":"Perspectives on climate change and nature","category":"Responsible investment","footerLink":false},
                    
       {"summary":"In this episode, Marcello Montanari and Rob Cavallo talk about what&rsquo;s been driving the current rebound within the Technology sector. They discuss recent earnings and talk about some company specific issues affecting Apple and Google.","image":"/contentAsset/image/e4a3085b-1de5-4c19-885f-fd5959615ba1/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/224/jpeg_q/86","footerByline":" \u2022  May 14, 2025 \u2022  22 minutes, 56 seconds to watch","link":"/en/ca/article/tech-talk-whats-behind-the-tech-rebound/detail","colored":null,"html":"<div class=\"media-watch\"><\/div>","id":"3b396b5718234b2c94b4d36bddd6491a","footerAuthors":[{"name":"R.Cavallo, CFA","image":"/contentAsset/image/2b9e839a-20ba-41b8-bd9a-940d308fdf16/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/120/jpeg_q/85"},{"name":"M.Montanari, CFA","image":"/contentAsset/image/a73c5859-45d4-4aae-911b-e94b31f1a1cd/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/120/jpeg_q/85"}],"title":"Tech Talk: What&rsquo;s behind the tech rebound?","category":"Current Perspectives","footerLink":false},
                    
                                                                        
       {"summary":"How years of constant fixed income ETF innovation are empowering investors to navigate today&rsquo;s markets and build portfolios for the new era.","image":"/contentAsset/image/d5fb0cfb-bbab-474b-9617-cd052a39bbb2/fileAsset/filter/Gamma,Resize,Jpeg/gamma_g/1.0/resize_h/224/jpeg_q/85","footerByline":"May 5, 2025 \u2022  2 minutes to read","link":"/en/ca/article/innovation-meets-opportunity/detail","colored":null,"html":"<div class=\"media-read\"><\/div>","id":"0679eba54eae70993f4edb4fcb791f85","title":"Innovation meets opportunity","category":"ETF insights","footerLink":false,"target":"_self"},
                    
       {"summary":"Reflecting on the past month, Jeremy Richardson discusses how the ongoing debate over trade policy and tariffs continues to create uncertainty in equity markets.","image":"/contentAsset/image/8e40cff1-97ed-4aa6-9cd4-cf3f3602d09f/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/224/jpeg_q/86","footerByline":" \u2022  May 5, 2025 \u2022  4 minutes, 58 seconds to watch","link":"/en/ca/article/global-equity-investor-insight-may-2025/detail","colored":null,"html":"<div class=\"media-watch\"><\/div>","id":"dbb9711e191d479825e2f9281d2946b9","footerAuthors":[{"name":"J.Richardson","image":"/contentAsset/image/e728c53a-93d5-4e62-b5d3-64c25f8f4d32/fileAsset/filter/Resize,Jpeg/resize_w/120/jpeg_q/85"}],"title":"Global Equity Investor insight | May 2025","category":"Current Perspectives","footerLink":false}            ];

                vueData.displayLoadMore = (vueData.dynamicArticles.length >= 5);
            vueData.insightsPage = 2;
    vueData.themeTest = `wm2`;
    vueMethods.loadMoreArticles = function(e){
        var _self = this;
        fetch('/api/vtl/load-more-insights?languageId=1&page=' + _self.insightsPage
                + '&featuredIds=93b2cdbd24af732728df633a83cc481a,30ddf7517cc7b88f2388aebdc08d2459,9091820a808a8d956da792b5a627d38a,21117fb0eb7a2695bf119dac825d747b,94daa6ee90850e690af26b7bb9a4018b'
                                        + '&exclude=fixedIncomeInsights,fixedIncomeInsights'
            )
        .then(function(r){ return r.json(); })
        .then(function(data) {
            if (data.insights.length > 0){
                data.insights.forEach(function(el){
                    _self.dynamicArticles.push(el);
                });
                                    vueData.displayLoadMore = (data.insights.length >= 5);
                                
                if(_self.themeTest === "wm3") {
                    _self.dynamicArticles.forEach(item => {
                      if(item.hasOwnProperty('summary')) {
                         item.text = item.summary;
                         delete item.summary;
                        }
                    })
                }
                
            }
            else{
                _self.displayLoadMore = false;
            }
            _self.insightsPage++;
        })
    };
</script>
<script type="application/javascript">
// console.log('1')
    vueMounted.push(function (_self) {
        // console.log('BREADCRUMB', _self.breadcrumb.map(item => item.text).join('/'));
        for (item of _self.$children) {
            if (item._props !== undefined && item._props.breadcrumb) {
                // console.log('ITEM:', item._props.breadcrumb.map(item => item.text).join('/'));
                for(let i = 0; i <= window.dataLayer.length; i++) {
                    if (window.dataLayer[i] !== undefined && window.dataLayer[i].hasOwnProperty('page_breadcrumb')) {
                        window.dataLayer[i].page_breadcrumb = item._props.breadcrumb.map(item => item.text).join('/');
                    }
                }    
            }
            
        }
        
        
        // PASTE DELETED CODE HERE  
        
    });
    
    
    window.addEventListener('load', function() {
        for(let i = 0; i <= window.dataLayer.length; i++) {
            if (window.dataLayer[i] !== undefined && window.dataLayer[i].hasOwnProperty('page_breadcrumb')) {
                const url = new URL(window.location.href);
                const params = new URLSearchParams(url.search);
                    
                if (url.search.includes('tab')
                    || url.search.includes('series')
                    || url.search.includes('type')
                    || url.search.includes('currency')
                    || url.search.includes('region')
                    || url.search.includes('sortorder')
                    || url.search.includes('sort')
                    || url.search.includes('strategy')
                    || url.search.includes('date')
                    ) 
                {
                    window.dataLayer[i].series = params.get('series') ? params.get('series') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].type = params.get('type') ? params.get('type') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].currency = params.get('currency') ? params.get('currency') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].region = params.get('region') ? params.get('region') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].sortorder = params.get('sortorder') ? params.get('sortorder') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].sort = params.get('sort') ? params.get('sort') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].strategy = params.get('strategy') ? params.get('strategy') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].date = params.get('date') ? params.get('date') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].tab = params.get('tab') ? params.get('tab') : undefined;
                }
            }
        }
    })
    
    
</script>

<script>
vueData.raptors = false;
vueData.themeVersion = "wm2"
vueMethods.updateURL = function(paramName, paramValue, regexToExecute){ var re = new RegExp(regexToExecute,"g"); var currentQueryString = window.location.search; var newQueryString = currentQueryString.replace(re, ""); if(paramName != ""){ if(Array.isArray(paramName)){ newQueryString = (newQueryString == "")? "?" : "?" + newQueryString; newQueryString = newQueryString.replace("??", "?"); paramName.forEach(function(el, i){ newQueryString += "&" + el + "=" + paramValue[i];	 }); newQueryString = newQueryString.replace("?&", "?"); } else { newQueryString = (newQueryString == "")? "?" :  "?" + newQueryString + "&"; newQueryString = newQueryString.replace("??", "?").replace("?&", "?"); newQueryString += paramName + "=" + paramValue; } } var currentBaseUrl = (window.location.href.split("?").length > 0)? window.location.href.split("?")[0] : window.location.href; var updatedUrl = currentBaseUrl + newQueryString; window.history.replaceState({}, document.title, updatedUrl); }; </script>
<script>
vueData.server = "production";function setLocalStorage(name, value, exdays) {var d = new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime() + (exdays*24*60*60*1000));var expires = d.toUTCString();if(typeof window.localStorage != 'undefined'){
localStorage.setItem(name, value);localStorage.setItem(name + '-expiration', expires);}
}function getLocalStorage(name) {var d = Date.now();if(typeof window.localStorage != 'undefined' && Date.parse(window.localStorage.getItem(name + '-expiration')) > d){return localStorage.getItem(name);}else {return "";}}function deleteLocalStorage(name) {if(typeof window.localStorage != 'undefined'){
localStorage.removeItem(name);localStorage.removeItem(name+'-expiration');}
}/* Social media region */vueData.socialSharing = {"facebook": {"title":"Investment insights and market updates","u": location.href,"description": "Your source for the latest RBC GAM thought leadership\n\n<title>Market news and investment insights | RBC GAM<\/title>"},"linkedin": {"title": "Investment insights and market updates","url": location.href,"summary": "Your source for the latest RBC GAM thought leadership\n\n<title>Market news and investment insights | RBC GAM<\/title>"},"twitter": {"text": "Investment insights and market updates - Your source for the latest RBC GAM thought leadership\n\n<title>Market news and investment insights | RBC GAM<\/title>","url": location.href},"email": {"subject": "Investment insights and market updates","body": "Your source for the latest RBC GAM thought leadership\n\n<title>Market news and investment insights | RBC GAM<\/title> - " + location.href},};vueComputed.searchAllLink = function(){  	return '/en/ca/search-results/?q=' + encodeURIComponent(this.searchTerm); }; vueComputed.searchProductLink = function(){ 	return '/en/ca/search-results/?productsOnly=true&q=' + encodeURIComponent(this.searchTerm); }; vueComputed.searchInsightLink = function(){ 	return '/en/ca/search-results/?insightsOnly=true&q=' + encodeURIComponent(this.searchTerm); }; vueComputed.isMobile = function() {var check = false;(function(a){if(/(android|bb\d+|meego).+mobile|avantgo|bada\/|blackberry|blazer|compal|elaine|fennec|hiptop|iemobile|ip(hone|od)|iris|kindle|lge |maemo|midp|mmp|mobile.+firefox|netfront|opera m(ob|in)i|palm( os)?|phone|p(ixi|re)\/|plucker|pocket|psp|series(4|6)0|symbian|treo|up\.(browser|link)|vodafone|wap|windows ce|xda|xiino/i.test(a)||/1207|6310|6590|3gso|4thp|50[1-6]i|770s|802s|a wa|abac|ac(er|oo|s\-)|ai(ko|rn)|al(av|ca|co)|amoi|an(ex|ny|yw)|aptu|ar(ch|go)|as(te|us)|attw|au(di|\-m|r |s )|avan|be(ck|ll|nq)|bi(lb|rd)|bl(ac|az)|br(e|v)w|bumb|bw\-(n|u)|c55\/|capi|ccwa|cdm\-|cell|chtm|cldc|cmd\-|co(mp|nd)|craw|da(it|ll|ng)|dbte|dc\-s|devi|dica|dmob|do(c|p)o|ds(12|\-d)|el(49|ai)|em(l2|ul)|er(ic|k0)|esl8|ez([4-7]0|os|wa|ze)|fetc|fly(\-|_)|g1 u|g560|gene|gf\-5|g\-mo|go(\.w|od)|gr(ad|un)|haie|hcit|hd\-(m|p|t)|hei\-|hi(pt|ta)|hp( i|ip)|hs\-c|ht(c(\-| |_|a|g|p|s|t)|tp)|hu(aw|tc)|i\-(20|go|ma)|i230|iac( |\-|\/)|ibro|idea|ig01|ikom|im1k|inno|ipaq|iris|ja(t|v)a|jbro|jemu|jigs|kddi|keji|kgt( |\/)|klon|kpt |kwc\-|kyo(c|k)|le(no|xi)|lg( g|\/(k|l|u)|50|54|\-[a-w])|libw|lynx|m1\-w|m3ga|m50\/|ma(te|ui|xo)|mc(01|21|ca)|m\-cr|me(rc|ri)|mi(o8|oa|ts)|mmef|mo(01|02|bi|de|do|t(\-| |o|v)|zz)|mt(50|p1|v )|mwbp|mywa|n10[0-2]|n20[2-3]|n30(0|2)|n50(0|2|5)|n7(0(0|1)|10)|ne((c|m)\-|on|tf|wf|wg|wt)|nok(6|i)|nzph|o2im|op(ti|wv)|oran|owg1|p800|pan(a|d|t)|pdxg|pg(13|\-([1-8]|c))|phil|pire|pl(ay|uc)|pn\-2|po(ck|rt|se)|prox|psio|pt\-g|qa\-a|qc(07|12|21|32|60|\-[2-7]|i\-)|qtek|r380|r600|raks|rim9|ro(ve|zo)|s55\/|sa(ge|ma|mm|ms|ny|va)|sc(01|h\-|oo|p\-)|sdk\/|se(c(\-|0|1)|47|mc|nd|ri)|sgh\-|shar|sie(\-|m)|sk\-0|sl(45|id)|sm(al|ar|b3|it|t5)|so(ft|ny)|sp(01|h\-|v\-|v )|sy(01|mb)|t2(18|50)|t6(00|10|18)|ta(gt|lk)|tcl\-|tdg\-|tel(i|m)|tim\-|t\-mo|to(pl|sh)|ts(70|m\-|m3|m5)|tx\-9|up(\.b|g1|si)|utst|v400|v750|veri|vi(rg|te)|vk(40|5[0-3]|\-v)|vm40|voda|vulc|vx(52|53|60|61|70|80|81|83|85|98)|w3c(\-| )|webc|whit|wi(g |nc|nw)|wmlb|wonu|x700|yas\-|your|zeto|zte\-/i.test(a.substr(0,4))) check = true;})(navigator.userAgent||navigator.vendor||window.opera);return check;};vueComputed.socialSharingLink = function() {var _self = this;var facebookLink = "https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?";var linkedinLink = "https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle/?mini=true&";var twitterLink = "https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?";var emailLink = "mailto:?";var facebookFilled = false;var linkedinFilled = false;var twitterFilled = false;var emailFilled = false;Object.keys(_self.socialSharing.facebook).forEach(function(k){if(_self.socialSharing.facebook[k] != ""){if(facebookFilled) facebookLink += "&";facebookFilled = true;facebookLink += k + "=" + _self.socialSharing.facebook[k];}});Object.keys(_self.socialSharing.linkedin).forEach(function(k){if(_self.socialSharing.linkedin[k] != ""){if(linkedinFilled) linkedinLink += "&";linkedinFilled = true;linkedinLink += k + "=" + _self.socialSharing.linkedin[k];}});Object.keys(_self.socialSharing.twitter).forEach(function(k){if(_self.socialSharing.twitter[k] != ""){if(twitterFilled) twitterLink += "&";twitterFilled = true;twitterLink += k + "=" + _self.socialSharing.twitter[k];}});Object.keys(_self.socialSharing.email).forEach(function(k){if(_self.socialSharing.email[k] != ""){if(emailFilled) emailLink += "&";emailFilled = true;emailLink += k + "=" + _self.socialSharing.email[k];}});return {"facebook": facebookFilled && facebookLink,"linkedin": linkedinFilled && linkedinLink,"twitter": twitterFilled && twitterLink,"email": emailFilled && emailLink}};/* End Social media region */vueData.locationAlertClosed = getLocalStorage("locationAlert") ? true : false ;vueMethods.closeLocationAlert = function(e){this.locationAlertClosed = true;setLocalStorage("locationAlert", false, 365);dataLayer.push({ 'event' :  'rbcwmEvent', 'data-analytics' :  '19', 'data-label' :  'location detection close' }); };vueData.breakingPoint = '';vueData.searchResults = [];vueData.searchResultsActive = -1;vueData.searchTerm = '';vueData.activeMenuItem = null;vueData.activeMenuItem = 1;vueData.nav = {"currentLanguage": {"id": "en","text": "EN","country": "Canada"},"languages": [{"id": 'ca',"country": 'Canada',"languages": [{"id": 'ca-en',"languageCode": "en","countryCode": "ca","text": 'EN',"dotcmsId": 1},{"id": 'ca-fr',"languageCode": "fr","countryCode": "ca","text": 'FR',"dotcmsId": 3},{"id": 'ca-zh-Hans',"languageCode": "zh","countryCode": "ca","text": '简中',"dotcmsId": 4},{"id": 'ca-tc',"languageCode": "zh-hant","countryCode": "ca","text": '繁中',"dotcmsId": 5}]},],secondaryLinks: [{name: 'RBC GAM Institutional',id: 'RBCGAMInstitutional',children: [{name:'Canada (PH&N Institutional)',id: 'Canada(PH&NInstitutional)',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/ca/',target: '_blank'},{name:'United States',id: 'UnitedStates',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/us/',target: '_blank'},{name:'Europe',id: 'Europe',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/europe/',target: '_blank'},{name:'Asia-Pacific',id: 'Asia-Pacific',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/asia/',target: '_blank'},{name:'Middle-East & Africa',id: 'Middle-East&Africa',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/mea/',target: '_blank'},{name:'Latin America & Caribbean',id: 'LatinAmerica&Caribbean',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/latin-america/',target: '_blank'}]},{name: 'Other RBC sites',id: 'OtherRBCsites',children: [{name:"RBC Banking",id: 'RBCBanking',link: 'https://www.rbcroyalbank.com',target: '_blank'},{name:"PH&N Investment Services",id: 'PH&NInvestmentServices',link: 'https://www.phn.com/',target: '_blank'},{name:"RBC Indigo Asset Management",id: 'RBCIndigoAssetManagement',link: 'https://www.rbcindigo.com',target: '_blank'},{name:"RBC Wealth Management",id: 'RBCWealthManagement',link: 'https://www.rbcwealthmanagement.com/',target: '_blank'},{name:"RBC Insurance",id: 'RBCInsurance',link: 'https://www.rbcinsurance.com/',target: '_blank'},{name:"RBC Capital Markets",id: 'RBCCapitalMarkets',link: 'https://www.rbccm.com/',target: '_blank'},{name:"RBC Investor Services",id: 'RBCInvestorServices',link: 'https://www.rbcits.com/',target: '_blank'}]}],		"userGreeting": "Advisor sign in","userGreetingLink": "/en/okta-login?&url=/en/ca/insights/","flagText": "For information purposes only","links": [			{
			"id": "nav.products",
			"name": "Products",
			"title": "Products",
			"separator": "nav.products" == "nav.tools",
			"summary": "",
							"children": [
																		{
																"id": "nav.products.mutualfunds",
								"name": "Mutual funds",
								"title": "Mutual funds",
								"summary": "",
																	"children": [
																																																				{ /* true */
																								"id": "Mutual funds list",
												"name": "Mutual funds list",
												"title": "Mutual funds list",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/index"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.products.aboutmutualfunds",
												"name": "About RBC mutual funds",
												"title": "About RBC mutual funds",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/about/"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "RBC Fixed Income Pools",
												"name": "RBC Fixed Income Pools",
												"title": "RBC Fixed Income Pools",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-fixed-income-pools"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.products.rbcportfoliosolutions",
												"name": "RBC Portfolio Solutions",
												"title": "RBC Portfolio Solutions",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-portfolio-solutions/"
												},																																																																																																																																																																			]
															},																								{
																"id": "nav.products.etfs",
								"name": "ETFs",
								"title": "ETFs",
								"summary": "",
																	"children": [
																																																				{ /* true */
																								"id": "ETFs list",
												"name": "ETFs list",
												"title": "ETFs list",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/etfs/index"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "About RBC iShares ETFs",
												"name": "About RBC iShares ETFs",
												"title": "About RBC iShares ETFs",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/etfs/rbc-ishares"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.products.etfinvestmentstrategies",
												"name": "ETF investment strategies",
												"title": "ETF investment strategies",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/etfs/etf-investment-strategies/"
												}																																							]
															},																								{
																"id": "nav.products.alternativeinvestments",
								"name": "Alternative investments",
								"title": "Alternative investments",
								"summary": "",
																	"children": [
																																																				{ /* true */
																								"id": "Alternative investments list",
												"name": "Alternative investments list",
												"title": "Alternative investments list",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/alternative-investments/index"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.products.aboutalternativeinvestments",
												"name": "About RBC alternative investments",
												"title": "About RBC alternative investments",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/alternative-investments/about/"
												}																																							]
															}															]
					},				{
			"id": "nav.insights",
			"name": "Insights",
			"title": "Insights",
			"separator": "nav.insights" == "nav.tools",
			"summary": "",
							"link": "/en/ca/insights/"
					},				{
			"id": "nav.learnplan",
			"name": "Learn & plan",
			"title": "Learn & plan",
			"separator": "nav.learnplan" == "nav.tools",
			"summary": "",
							"children": [
																		{
																"id": "nav.learnplan.typesofinvestments",
								"name": "Types of investments",
								"title": "Types of investments",
								"summary": "",
																	"children": [
																																																				{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.learnplan.whataremutualfunds",
												"name": "All about mutual funds",
												"title": "All about mutual funds",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/mutual-funds/"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.learnplan.whatareetfs",
												"name": "ETF Learning Centre",
												"title": "ETF Learning Centre",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/etfs/"
												}																																							]
															},																								{
																"id": "Retirement resource centre",
								"name": "Retirement resource centre",
								"title": "Retirement resource centre",
								"summary": "Your one-stop retirement resource centre. Learn about all phases of the retirement journey -- from starting early to living in retirement.",
																"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/retirement-resources"
															},																								{
																"id": "Investment basics",
								"name": "Investment basics",
								"title": "Investment basics",
								"summary": "Learn about the basic principles of investing to make smarter decisions about your money.",
																"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/investment-basics"
															},																								{
																"id": "Investment strategies",
								"name": "Investment strategies",
								"title": "Investment strategies",
								"summary": "Learn strategies to help you identify your goals and gain a deeper understanding of the investing world.",
																"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/investment-strategies"
															},																								{
																"id": "Learn & plan",
								"name": "Learn & plan",
								"title": "Learn & plan",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/index"
															}															]
					},				{
			"id": "nav.aboutus",
			"name": "About us",
			"title": "About us",
			"separator": "nav.aboutus" == "nav.tools",
			"summary": "",
							"children": [
																		{
																"id": "Our story",
								"name": "Our story",
								"title": "Our story",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/about-us/our-story"
															},																								{
																"id": "Responsible investment",
								"name": "Responsible investment",
								"title": "Responsible investment",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/about-us/ri"
															},																								{
																"id": "Our teams",
								"name": "Our teams",
								"title": "Our teams",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/about-us/our-teams"
															},																								{
																"id": "RBC iShares",
								"name": "RBC iShares",
								"title": "RBC iShares",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/about-us/about-rbc-ishares"
															},																								{
																"id": "Leadership",
								"name": "Leadership",
								"title": "Leadership",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/about-us/leadership"
															}															]
					},			


]};vueData.isharesModalIsActive = false;

window.SpeechRecognition = window.SpeechRecognition || window.webkitSpeechRecognition;vueData.SpeechRecognitionEnabled = (window.SpeechRecognition)? true:false;vueData.recognition = null;vueData.voiceIconColor = null;vueData.voiceLabel = "Search&nbsp;by&nbsp;voice";vueMethods['searchToggled'] = function(){var _self = this;var defaultLabel = "Search&nbsp;by&nbsp;voice";if(window.SpeechRecognition && _self.recognition == null){_self.recognition = new SpeechRecognition();_self.recognition.continuous = true;_self.recognition.lang = "en-US";_self.recognition.onstart = function(e){dataLayer.push({ 'event' :  'rbcwmEvent', 'data-analytics' :  '19', 'data-label': 'search voice'});_self.voiceIconColor = "red";_self.voiceLabel = "Listening...";};_self.recognition.onend = function(e){_self.voiceIconColor = null;_self.voiceLabel = "Search&nbsp;by&nbsp;voice";};_self.recognition.onresult = function(e){var results = e.results;for(var i = 0; i < results.length ; i++){if(results[i].isFinal){_self.$refs.megamenu.searchTerm = results[0][0].transcript;_self.searchTerm = results[0][0].transcript;_self.megaSearch(_self.searchTerm);_self.recognition.stop();}}};_self.recognition.start();}else {_self.recognition.stop();_self.recognition = null;_self.$refs.megamenu.searchTerm = "";_self.searchTerm = "";}};
let timerForSearch = null;

vueMethods['megaSearchKeyUp'] = function(e){
clearTimeout(timerForSearch);

timerForSearch = setTimeout(() => {

if (e.target.value.trim() !== '' ) {
    dataLayer.push({
        event: "view_search_results",
        search_results_num: _self.searchResults.length,
        method: 'generic search',
        search_term: _self.searchTerm,
        
    })   
    }
}, 1000)

var key = e.key.toLowerCase();var _self = this;if(key.indexOf('enter') > -1 && _self.searchResultsActive == -1){var encodedQuery = encodeURIComponent(_self.searchTerm);
location.href = '/en/ca/search-results/?q=' + encodedQuery;}else if(key.indexOf('enter') > -1 && _self.searchResultsActive > -1){var r = _self.searchResults[_self.searchResultsActive];dataLayer.push({ 'event' : 'rbcwmPageview', 'virtualpath' : '/en/ca/virtual/search-results-megasearch/?q=' + _self.searchTerm, 'virtualtitle' : 'Virtual Search Results','data-searchterm' : _self.searchTerm, 'data-totalresults': _self.searchResults.length});
location.href = (r.type == 'mf')? '/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/' : '/en/ca/products/etfs/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/';}else if(key.indexOf('down') > -1 && _self.searchResultsActive < (_self.searchResults.length - 1)){_self.searchResultsActive++;}else if(key.indexOf('up') > -1 && _self.searchResultsActive >  - 1){_self.searchResultsActive--;}};vueMethods['megaSearchResultClick'] = function(r, e){const outbound = e.target.closest('a') ? e.target.closest('a').hostname !== window.location.hostname : false;
console.log('Hello');
var _self = this;if(e.target.classList.value.indexOf('briefcase') == -1){dataLayer.push({ 'event' : 'rbcwmPageview', 'virtualpath' : '/en/ca/virtual/search-results-megasearch/?q=' + _self.searchTerm, 'virtualtitle' : 'Virtual Search Results','data-searchterm' : _self.searchTerm, 'data-totalresults': _self.searchResults.length});window.dataLayer.push({
    event: 'click_search_results',
    event_type: 'search',
    method: 'generic search', 
    link_text: e.target.textContent,
    link_url: _self.getLinkUrl(e),
    link_domain: window.location.hostname,
    outbound: outbound,
});

location.href = (r.type == 'mf')? '/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/' : '/en/ca/products/etfs/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/';}};vueMethods['megaSearch'] = function(e){var _self = this;_self.searchResultsActive = -1;if(e != ""){_self.searchTerm = e;fetch("/en/ca/megamenu-search?search=" + e).then(function(response){ return response.json();}).then(function(data){ _self.searchResults = data.data;}).catch(function(e){_self.searchResults = [];})}else {_self.searchResults = [];_self.searchTerm = '';}};

vueMethods['toggleLanguage'] = function(e) {
    console.log("toggleLanguage", e);
    if (e.countryCode !== "ca"){
        if(e.countryCode === "gb") {
            location.href = "/en/landing?preselect=eu";
        } else if(e.countryCode === "us") {
            location.href = "/en/landing?preselect=us";
        } else if(e.countryCode === "asia-pacific") {
            location.href = "/en/landing?preselect=ap";
        } else if(e.countryCode === "americas-offshore") {
            location.href = "/en/landing?preselect=ao";
        } else {
            location.href = "/en/landing";
        }
    } else {
        var currentUrl = "/en/ca/insights/";
        this.nav.languages
            .flatMap(l => l.languages).map(l=>l.languageCode)
            .filter((v, i, a) => a.indexOf(v) === i)
            .forEach(l => currentUrl = currentUrl.replace(`/${l}/`,"/"));

            let newQueryString = "";
            location.href = "/" +e.languageCode + currentUrl + newQueryString;
    }
};

vueMethods.mobileSearch = function(e){location.href = '/en/ca/search-results/?q=' + e;}


vueMethods.getLinkUrl = function(event) {
    const element = vueMethods.findAncestorLinkElement(event.target);
    return vueMethods.getLinkUrlHelper(element && element.href);
}
    
vueMethods.findAncestorLinkElement = function(target) {
        let a = target;
        while (a && a.tagName !== 'A') {
            a = a.parentNode;
        }
        return a && a.tagName === 'A' ? a : null;
    }
    
vueMethods.getLinkUrlHelper = function(url) {
        if (!url) {
            return '';
        }
        
        const isAbsoluteUrl = /^([a-z][a-z\d+\-.]*:)?\/\//i.test(url);
        return isAbsoluteUrl ? url : window.location.origin + url;
    }

</script>
<script>
Vue.component('rbc-video', {template: '<div class="rbc-video"><div :style="embedStyle" :class="[aspectRatio ? \'embed-responsive-\' + aspectRatio : null]" class="embed-responsive"><video ref="player" v-bind="$attrs" :data-video-id="videoId" :data-playlist-id="playlistId" :data-account="account" :data-player="player" data-embed="default" data-application-id class="video-js embed-responsive-item rbc-video-player" controls></video></div><div v-if="playlistId" class="vjs-playlist"></div></div>',
inheritAttrs: false,props: {aspectRatio: { type: String, default: '16by9' },account: { type: String, default: '3187797751001' },embedStyle: [String, Object, Array],options: Object,player: { type: String, default: 'Un1ElmKR2T' },playlistId: String,videoId: String},beforeMount: function() {var scriptId = this.playlistId ? 'bcPlaylistScript' : 'bcVideoScript';var body = document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0];if (!document.getElementById(scriptId) && body) {var script = document.createElement('script');script.type = 'text/javascript';script.id = scriptId;script.src = '//players.brightcove.net/' + this.account + '/' + this.player  + '_default/index.min.js';body.appendChild(script);}},mounted: function() {if (typeof bc !== 'undefined') {bc(this.$refs.player, this.options);}}});vueMethods.formatNumber = window.formatNumber;vueMethods.formatCurrency = window.formatCurrency;vueMethods.decimal = window.decimal;vueMethods.leadingZero = window.leadingZero;var vueApp = new Vue({el: "#app",components: {'rbc-alert': wm.Alert,'rbc-autocomplete': wm.Autocomplete,'rbc-badge': wm.Badge,'rbc-block': wm.Block,'rbc-breadcrumb': wm.Breadcrumb,'rbc-button': wm.Button,'rbc-toggle': wm.ButtonToggle,'rbc-toggle-container': wm.ButtonToggleContainer,'rbc-caption': wm.Caption,'rbc-card': wm.Card,'rbc-checkbox': wm.Checkbox,'rbc-datatable': wm.DataTable,'rbc-datatable-paginator': wm.DataTablePaginator,'rbc-datepicker': wm.DatePicker,'rbc-dropdown': wm.Dropdown,'rbc-expandable': wm.Expandable,'rbc-expandable-container': wm.ExpandableContainer,'rbc-hero': wm.Hero,'rbc-icon': wm.Icon,'rbc-input': wm.Input,'rbc-layout': wm.Layout,'rbc-link-card': wm.LinkCard,'rbc-link-card-container': wm.LinkCardContainer,'rbc-media-card': wm.MediaCard,'rbc-mega-menu': wm.MegaMenu,'rbc-menu': wm.Menu,'rbc-menu-item': wm.MenuItem,'rbc-modal': wm.Modal,'rbc-multiselect': wm.MultiSelect,'rbc-point': wm.Point,'rbc-progressbar': wm.ProgressBar,'rbc-radio': wm.Radio,'rbc-script': wm.Script,'rbc-select': wm.Select,'rbc-side-nav': wm.SideNav,'rbc-side-nav-item': wm.SideNavItem,'rbc-slider': wm.Slider,'rbc-snackbar': wm.Snackbar,'rbc-snackbar-container': wm.SnackbarContainer,'rbc-sort': wm.Sort,'rbc-speech': wm.Speech,'rbc-spinner': wm.Spinner,'rbc-stepper': wm.Stepper,'rbc-stepper-container': wm.StepperContainer,'rbc-stepper-content': wm.StepperContent,'rbc-style': wm.Style,'rbc-switch': wm.Switch,'rbc-tab': wm.Tab,'rbc-tab-content': wm.TabContent,'rbc-tag': wm.Tag,'rbc-textarea': wm.Textarea,'rbc-tooltip': wm.Tooltip,'rbc-top-nav': wm.TopNav,'rbc-top-nav-item': wm.TopNavItem,'rbc-transition': wm.Transition,'rbc-transition-height': wm.TransitionHeight,'rbc-transition-number': wm.TransitionNumber},data: vueData,computed: vueComputed,watch: vueWatch,mounted: function(){var _self = this;var displayNoneSyntax = "dBREAKINGPOINT-none";var displayInlineSyntax = "dBREAKINGPOINT-inline";var breakingPoints = ['', '-sm', '-md', '-lg', '-xl'];breakingPoints.forEach(function(bp, index){var bpNoneSyntax = displayNoneSyntax.replace("BREAKINGPOINT", (bp != '')? bp : '');var bpInlineSyntax = (index + 1 < breakingPoints.length)? displayInlineSyntax.replace("BREAKINGPOINT", breakingPoints[index + 1]) : '';var spanEl = document.createElement("SPAN");spanEl.setAttribute("id", 'is' + bp.replace('-', ''));spanEl.classList.add(bpNoneSyntax);if(bpInlineSyntax != '') spanEl.classList.add(bpInlineSyntax);spanEl.style.width = 0;spanEl.style.height = 0;document.body.appendChild(spanEl);if(window.getComputedStyle(spanEl,null).getPropertyValue('display') == "none"){if(bp == ""){bp = 'xs';}_self.breakingPoint = bp.replace('-', '');}});document.addEventListener("keyup", function(e){if(e.ctrlKey && e.shiftKey && e.key.toLowerCase() == 'f'){_self.$refs.megamenu.$_MegaMenu_showSearch();}else if(e.ctrlKey && e.shiftKey && e.key.toLowerCase() == 'v'){_self.$refs.megamenu.$_MegaMenu_showSearch();_self.searchToggled();}});if(window.addEventListener/* && window.atob*/){var arr=[],str=atob("MzgsMzgsNDAsNDAsMzcsMzksMzcsMzksNjYsNjU=");window.addEventListener("keydown",function(e){arr.push(e.keyCode);if(arr.toString().indexOf(str)>=0){vueData.raptors=true;arr=[];};},true);};
vueMounted.forEach(function(f){f(_self);});},methods: vueMethods});
</script><script> setTimeout(function(){ var videoIframes = document.querySelectorAll(".brightcoveIframe"); Array.prototype.forEach.call(videoIframes, function(el){ el.contentWindow.postMessage({'gaID':"", 'url': window.location.href}, '*'); }); }, 1000); </script> 
<script>
    
    // SHARE ON SOCIAL MEDIA
    
    document.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
        const socialMediaShares = e.target.closest('[data-location="Share this article sidebar"] a');
        if(socialMediaShares) {
    	    const ariaLabelMethod = e?.srcElement?.ariaLabel;
    	    dataLayer.push({
    	        event: 'share',
                method: ariaLabelMethod === 'envelope' ? 'email' : (ariaLabelMethod?.split(' ')[0] || ''),
                content_name: document.getElementsByClassName('hero-header')[0]?.innerHTML,
                link_text: document.getElementsByClassName('hero-header')[0]?.innerHTML,
                link_domain: window.location.hostname,
                link_url: window.location.href, 
                content_type: window.location.pathname.split('/')[3],
                content_id: 'f9954ae0-a78f-47dc-bd72-2fad85c86a45',
                location_id: getLocationId(e.target), 
    	        }); 
    	}
});

const h4Elements = document.querySelectorAll('div > h4');
h4Elements.forEach((h4Element) => {
  const trimmedText = h4Element.textContent.trim();
  if (trimmedText === 'Share this profile' || trimmedText === 'Share this podcast' ||
      trimmedText === 'Partager cette baladodiffusion' || trimmedText === 'Partager ce profil') {
    const targetDiv = h4Element.parentElement;
    const anchorLinks = targetDiv.querySelectorAll('a');
    anchorLinks.forEach((element) => {
      element.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
          
          if (e.target.closest('[data-location="Share this article sidebar"] a')) {
              return;
          }
          
        const ariaLabelMethod = e?.srcElement?.ariaLabel;
        const contentType = trimmedText === 'Share this podcast' || trimmedText === 'Partager cette baladodiffusion' ? 'podcast' : 'team';
        const locationId = trimmedText;
    	    dataLayer.push({
    	        event: 'share',
                method: ariaLabelMethod === 'envelope' ? 'email' : (ariaLabelMethod?.split(' ')[0] || ''),
                content_name: document.getElementsByClassName('hero-header')[0]?.innerHTML,
                link_text: document.getElementsByClassName('hero-header')[0]?.innerHTML,
                link_domain: window.location.hostname,
                link_url: window.location.href, 
                content_type: contentType,
                content_id: 'f9954ae0-a78f-47dc-bd72-2fad85c86a45',
                location_id: locationId, 
    	        }); 
      });
    });
  }
});

</script>
<!-- OneTrust Cookies Settings button end --> 
<script type="application/javascript">
  window.openCookieSettings = function(e) {
    e.preventDefault();
    OneTrust.ToggleInfoDisplay();
  };

  window.handleKeydown = function(event) {
    if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {
      event.preventDefault();
      openCookieSettings(event);
    }
  };

  // Attach the keydown listener when the DOM is loaded.
  document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
    var btn = document.getElementById('openCookieSettings');
    if (btn) {
      btn.addEventListener('keydown', window.handleKeydown);
    }
  });
</script>
<!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice end for rbcgam.com -->

<!-- Accessibility scripts --> 
<script type="application/javascript">
    let expandMenuButton = document.querySelector("#hamburgerMenuButton");
    let megaSeparator = document.querySelector(".mega-menu-separator");
    if (expandMenuButton) {
        expandMenuButton.tabIndex = 0;
    }
    if (megaSeparator) {
        megaSeparator.removeAttribute("role");
    }
</script>
<!-- Accessibility scripts end --> 


<script src="/application/themes/rbcgam/js/analytics-service.js"></script>

<!-- Loading time: 377 -->
</body>
</html>