

 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-CA">
<head>
   
    <!-- https://www.rbcgam.com/en/en/ca/about-us/contact-us -->
<!-- else -->
	
<script >
    //main-dataLayer
    window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];

               let QueryParamsObj = {};
            for (let pair of new URLSearchParams(window.location.search)) {
                QueryParamsObj[pair[0]] = pair[1];
            }
                                                                       const requiredKeys = ['currency','date','region','sort','sortorder','strategy','tab','type'];

            requiredKeys.forEach(key => {
                if (!QueryParamsObj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                    QueryParamsObj[key] = undefined;
                }
            });

            
            window.dataLayer.push (Object.assign({
    'page_redirect': '',
    'page_country': 'ca',
    'page_region': 'na',
    'page_language': 'en',
    'page_channel': 'public',
    'page_category': 'about-us',
    'page_subcategory': 'contact-us',
    'page_type': 'individualInvestor'
    }, QueryParamsObj))
            
                        
            // GOOGLE ANALYTICS 4
                    window.dataLayer.push({
            'page_country':'ca',
            'page_region':'na',
            'page_language':'en',
            'page_channel':'public',
                            'page_category': 'about-us',
                'page_subcategory':'contact-us',
                        'page_breadcrumb':'/en/ca/about-us/contact-us',
            'user_type':'individualInvestor',
            'page_LOB':'RBCGAM_3',
            'attribute_1':undefined ,
            'user_multiaccess':undefined ,
            'user_territory': ''? '': undefined,
            
                            'content_type': undefined,
                'content_name': undefined,
                        
                        
                                'publication':undefined,
                    'content_author':undefined,
                            
                'content_id':'3f652cf8-635c-4e98-9326-191fc3ac0ea0',
                
                                        'content_date':undefined,
                            
                'GAM_AdvisorId':undefined,
                'GAM_AdvisorTerritory':undefined,
                'GAM_DealerCode':undefined,
                'GAM_RoleID': undefined,
            
                        ...QueryParamsObj})
</script>    
    
    
        <meta charset="utf-8"/>
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy"/>
        <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate"/>
        <meta http-equiv="Pragma" content="no-cache"/>
        <meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0"/>
        <!-- https://www.rbcgam.com/en/en/ca/about-us/contact-us -->
<!-- else -->
	         <title>Contact us</title>
        <meta name="description" content="Ways to contact RBC GAM regional teams and submit general inquiries"/>


        <meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.rbcgam.com/en/en/ca/about-us/contact-us" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Contact us"/>
<meta property="og:description" content="Ways to contact RBC GAM regional teams and submit general inquiries" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="RBC Global Asset Management" />
                                                                                                                                                                         <link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="crossorigin" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com">
        <link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="crossorigin" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com">
        <link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="crossorigin" href="https://www.google-analytics.com">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/fonts/roboto/roboto-v19-latin-regular.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/fonts/roboto/roboto-v19-latin-500.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/fonts/roboto/roboto-v19-latin-700.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/src/fonts/fa-regular-400.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/src/fonts/fa-solid-900.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/src/fonts/fa-brands-400.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/css/bootstrap-grid.min.css" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/css/roboto.min.css" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/dist/gam/gam.min.css" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/dist/wm/wm.min.js" as="script">
        <link rel="prefetch" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/dist/gam/charts/index.min.js" as="script">
        <link rel="preload" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/one-trust.css" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/main.css?v5" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/rbcgam-styles-enhancement" as="style">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/fonts/rbc-display/rbcdisplay-regular-webfont.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="crossorigin" type="font/woff2">
        <link href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/css/bootstrap-grid.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
        <link href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/css/roboto.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/dist/gam/gam.min.css">
        <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/images/logos/rbc-gam-logo-en.svg" as="image">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/main.css?v5">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/one-trust.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/rbcgam/css/rbcgam-styles-enhancement.css">

        
                                                                                                                                                  <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/js/vue.js" as="script">
                        <script src="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/js/vue.js"></script>
                                                          <script src="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/dist/wm/wm.min.js"></script>
                                                <script>
                         
                var vueData = vueData || {};                 var vueComputed = vueComputed || {};                 var vueWatch = vueWatch || {};                 var vueMethods = vueMethods || {};                 var vueMounted = vueMounted || [];         </script>         
<!-- isForDiffSite: true -->

        
        <style>         
        
        #ot-sdk-btn.ot-sdk-show-settings, #ot-sdk-btn.optanon-show-settings {
            border: none !important; 
            padding: 0 !important;
            color: white !important;
            font-size: 0.875rem !important;
        }
        #ot-sdk-btn.ot-sdk-show-settings:hover, #ot-sdk-btn.optanon-show-settings:hover {
            background-color: transparent !important;
            border-bottom: 1px solid white !important;
        }
        
        .hero-content-aside {                 width: 100%;                 height: auto;         }         [v-cloak]{                 display: none;         }         </style> 
                                        
        <noscript>
                <style>
                        [v-cloak]{
                                display: block !important;
                        }
                        #raptorWrap {
                                display: none !important;
                                visibility: hidden !important;
                                height: 0px !important;
                                width: 0px !important;
                        }
                    
                </style>
        </noscript>
        <!-- R:  / upt = individualinvestor -->
        <!-- Google Tag Manager Data Layer -->
        
        
<script>
    async function loadOneTrustScript() {
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        const script = document.createElement("script");
        const env = window?.host_variable?.environment || "production";
        let scriptSrc = "https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/75c21a75-8c61-41b5-bbb4-220ec5be96cc/otSDKStub.js";
        if (env === "staging") {
          scriptSrc = "https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/75c21a75-8c61-41b5-bbb4-220ec5be96cc-test/otSDKStub.js";
        }
        script.src = scriptSrc;
        script.id = "onetrust-policy-sdk";
        script.type = "text/javascript";
        script.charset = "UTF-8";
        script.dataset.documentLanguage = "true";
        script.dataset.domainScript = scriptSrc.includes("-test")
          ? "75c21a75-8c61-41b5-bbb4-220ec5be96cc-test"
          : "75c21a75-8c61-41b5-bbb4-220ec5be96cc";
        script.onload = resolve;
        script.onerror = reject;
        document.body.appendChild(script);
      });
    }

    document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
      const modalAlert = document.querySelector('[role="alertdialog"]');
      if (modalAlert) {
        modalAlert.setAttribute("role", "dialog");
      }
    });

    window.onload = async () => {
      try {
        await loadOneTrustScript();
        console.log("OneTrust script loaded successfully.");
      } catch (error) {
        console.error("Failed to load OneTrust script", error);
      }
    };

    document.addEventListener('keydown', (event) => {
      if (event.key === 'Escape' || event.keyCode === 27) {
        const modal = document.getElementById('onetrust-pc-sdk');
        if (modal && window.getComputedStyle(modal).display !== 'none') {
          const closeButton = document.getElementById('close-pc-btn-handler');
          if (closeButton) {
            document.getElementById('openCookieSettings').focus();
            closeButton.click();
          }
        }
      }
    });

    function setInertOnBackground() {
    const ids = ["main", "globalNavRoot", "footers", "footerDisclaimerRoot"];
    ids.forEach(id => {
        const el = document.getElementById(id);
        if (el) {
        el.setAttribute("inert", "");
        }
    });
    }

    function removeInertFromBackground() {
    const ids = ["main", "globalNavRoot", "footers", "footerDisclaimerRoot"];
    ids.forEach(id => {
        const el = document.getElementById(id);
        if (el) {
        el.removeAttribute("inert");
        }
    });
    }

    document.addEventListener("click", function(event) {
    const closeBtn = event.target.closest("#close-pc-btn-handler");
    const openCookieSettingsBtn = event.target.closest("#openCookieSettings");
        if (closeBtn) {
            removeInertFromBackground();
            document.getElementById('openCookieSettings').focus();
        } 
        if (openCookieSettingsBtn) {
            setInertOnBackground();
        }
    });
  </script>

<script type="text/javascript">
    function OptanonWrapper() { }
</script>

        <!-- Google Tag Manager version 4 -->
        <script>
                var dataLayer=window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];dataLayer.push({"LOB":"RBCGAM_3"});
                (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});
                        var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-P5P6H55');
        </script>
        <!-- End Google Tag Manager -->

</head>


<!-- 1 $URLMapContent.structure.name $URLMapContent.fundCompany.selectValue $URLMapContent.fundCompany -->
<body>
<noscript>
        <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P5P6H55" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe>
</noscript>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<script>
        //frame busting - prevent clickjacking
        if (self == top) {
                document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].style.display = "block";
        } else {
                top.location = self.location;
        }
</script>
<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
        <div class="content-wrap">
        <div id="app">
                    

 <aside>
<aside>
    <a class="skip-main" aria-label="Skip to cookie banner" href="#onetrust-policy-sdk">Skip to Cookie Banner</a>
    <a class="skip-main" aria-label="Skip to main content" href="#main">Skip to content</a>
    <a class="skip-main" aria-label="Skip to footer" href="#footers">Skip to footer</a>
</aside>
<div v-cloak>
<rbc-mega-menu
	ref="megamenu"
	:active-menu="activeMenuItem"
	:contrast-toggle="false"
	:links="nav.links"
	:flag-text="nav.flagText"
	:active-language="nav.currentLanguage"
	:languages="nav.languages"
	:secondary-links="nav.secondaryLinks"
	search-text="Search"
	search-placeholder="Enter search term and press enter to see all results"
	:show-search-results="searchResults.length > 0"
	:user-greeting="nav.userGreeting"
	:user-greeting-link="nav.userGreetingLink"
	:user-links="nav.userLinks"
	logo="https://cdn.rbcgam.com/assets/images/logos/rbc-gam-logo-en.svg"
	logo-link="/en/ca/"
	data-location="Main navigation"
	@languageupdated="toggleLanguage"
	@searchtermchanged="megaSearch"
	@searchsidenavsubmitted="mobileSearch"
	@keyup="megaSearchKeyUp"
	@voiceclicked="searchToggled"
>
	<div slot="nav.products">
		<div class="row">
  <div  key="nav.products.mutualfunds" class="col-md-3" > <span class="mega-menu-content-header"> 	Mutual funds </span>   <!-- navsec: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds' title='nav.products.mutualfunds'>nav.products.mutualfunds</a> -->
<ul class="mega-menu-content-items"> 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/index' title='Mutual funds list'>Mutual funds list</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="Mutual funds list" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			style="font-weight: 500;"  			href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/index" 			title="Mutual funds list" 		> 			Mutual funds list              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/about' title='nav.products.aboutmutualfunds'>nav.products.aboutmutualfunds</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.products.aboutmutualfunds" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/about/" 			title="About RBC mutual funds" 		> 			About RBC mutual funds              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-fixed-income-pools' title='RBC Fixed Income Pools'>RBC Fixed Income Pools</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="RBC Fixed Income Pools" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-fixed-income-pools" 			title="RBC Fixed Income Pools" 		> 			RBC Fixed Income Pools              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-portfolio-solutions' title='nav.products.rbcportfoliosolutions'>nav.products.rbcportfoliosolutions</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.products.rbcportfoliosolutions" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-portfolio-solutions/" 			title="RBC Portfolio Solutions" 		> 			RBC Portfolio Solutions              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/investment-recommendations' title='Investment recommendations'>Investment recommendations</a> -->
	 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-investment-savings-account' title='RBC Investment Savings Account'>RBC Investment Savings Account</a> -->
	 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='https://rbcpcb.seismic.com/x5/doccenter.aspx#/doccenter/2b6046c0-9617-4155-8cde-220c18bf158e/main/%252Fdd88863eb4-9454-4142-bdcb-2ffbaa38787d%252Fddfb1c85fc-df84-44ae-8a2b-f6dbf02df156%252Fdd87874b32-5f1b-46ed-88db-1d261b9c5130/grid/title' title='RBC Investment Advantage'>RBC Investment Advantage</a> -->
	 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-indigo-funds' title='RBC Indigo Funds'>RBC Indigo Funds</a> -->
	 	 	 </ul>  </div>    <div  key="nav.products.etfs" class="col-md-3" > <span class="mega-menu-content-header"> 	ETFs </span>   <!-- navsec: <a href='/ca/products/etfs' title='nav.products.etfs'>nav.products.etfs</a> -->
<ul class="mega-menu-content-items"> 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/etfs/index' title='ETFs list'>ETFs list</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="ETFs list" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			style="font-weight: 500;"  			href="/en/ca/products/etfs/index" 			title="ETFs list" 		> 			ETFs list              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/etfs/rbc-ishares' title='About RBC iShares ETFs'>About RBC iShares ETFs</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="About RBC iShares ETFs" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/etfs/rbc-ishares" 			title="About RBC iShares ETFs" 		> 			About RBC iShares ETFs              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/etfs/etf-investment-strategies' title='nav.products.etfinvestmentstrategies'>nav.products.etfinvestmentstrategies</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.products.etfinvestmentstrategies" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/etfs/etf-investment-strategies/" 			title="ETF investment strategies" 		> 			ETF investment strategies              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 </ul>  </div>    <div  key="nav.products.alternativeinvestments" class="col-md-3" > <span class="mega-menu-content-header"> 	Alternative investments </span>   <!-- navsec: <a href='/ca/products/alternative-investments' title='nav.products.alternativeinvestments'>nav.products.alternativeinvestments</a> -->
<ul class="mega-menu-content-items"> 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/alternative-investments/index' title='Alternative investments list'>Alternative investments list</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="Alternative investments list" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			style="font-weight: 500;"  			href="/en/ca/products/alternative-investments/index" 			title="Alternative investments list" 		> 			Alternative investments list              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/products/alternative-investments/about' title='nav.products.aboutalternativeinvestments'>nav.products.aboutalternativeinvestments</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.products.aboutalternativeinvestments" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/products/alternative-investments/about/" 			title="About RBC alternative investments" 		> 			About RBC alternative investments              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 </ul>  </div>   								</div>
															</div>
	<div slot="nav.learnplan">
		<div class="row">
  <div  key="nav.learnplan.typesofinvestments" class="col-md-3" > <span class="mega-menu-content-header"> 	Types of investments </span>   <!-- navsec: <a href='/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments' title='nav.learnplan.typesofinvestments'>nav.learnplan.typesofinvestments</a> -->
<ul class="mega-menu-content-items"> 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/mutual-funds' title='nav.learnplan.whataremutualfunds'>nav.learnplan.whataremutualfunds</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.learnplan.whataremutualfunds" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/mutual-funds/" 			title="All about mutual funds" 		> 			All about mutual funds              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 	<!-- navsec2: <a href='/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/etfs' title='nav.learnplan.whatareetfs'>nav.learnplan.whatareetfs</a> -->
	 	 	<li  		key="nav.learnplan.whatareetfs" 		class="mega-menu-content-item" 	> 		<a  			class="mega-menu-content-link" 			  			href="/en/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/etfs/" 			title="ETF Learning Centre" 		> 			ETF Learning Centre              		</a> 	</li> 	 	 </ul>  </div>    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Retirement resource centre', 	name: 'Retirement resource centre', 	link: '/en/ca/learn-plan/retirement-resources', 	title: 'Retirement resource centre', 	summary: 'Your one-stop retirement resource centre. Learn about all phases of the retirement journey -- from starting early to living in retirement.', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Investment basics', 	name: 'Investment basics', 	link: '/en/ca/learn-plan/investment-basics', 	title: 'Investment basics', 	summary: 'Learn about the basic principles of investing to make smarter decisions about your money.', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Investment strategies', 	name: 'Investment strategies', 	link: '/en/ca/learn-plan/investment-strategies', 	title: 'Investment strategies', 	summary: 'Learn strategies to help you identify your goals and gain a deeper understanding of the investing world.', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	     								</div>
																						<div class="text-right mt-1">
			<a class="link-chev" href="/en/ca/learn-plan/index">
				View all learn & plan articles
			</a>
		</div>
			</div>
	<div slot="nav.aboutus">
		<div class="row">
  	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Our story', 	name: 'Our story', 	link: '/en/ca/about-us/our-story', 	title: 'Our story', 	summary: '', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Responsible investment', 	name: 'Responsible investment', 	link: '/en/ca/about-us/ri', 	title: 'Responsible investment', 	summary: '', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Our teams', 	name: 'Our teams', 	link: '/en/ca/about-us/our-teams', 	title: 'Our teams', 	summary: '', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'RBC iShares', 	name: 'RBC iShares', 	link: '/en/ca/about-us/about-rbc-ishares', 	title: 'RBC iShares', 	summary: '', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	    	   		  		 		 		 		<div class="col"> <rbc-media-card  	card  	:articles="[{id: 'Leadership', 	name: 'Leadership', 	link: '/en/ca/about-us/leadership', 	title: 'Leadership', 	summary: '', 	}]"  	columns="1" 	class="h-100" ></rbc-media-card> 		</div> 		 	   								</div>
																							</div>
	<div slot="search-results" data-location="Mega search">
			    <table class="table table-border-horizontal mega-menu-search-results-item table-hover">
	        <tbody>
				<tr v-for="(r, i) in searchResults" @click.prevent="megaSearchResultClick(r, $event)">
					<td :class="{'b-blue-tint-5': i == searchResultsActive}" class="px-0"><rbc-tag class="mx-0 nowrap" size="small" v-text="(r.type == 'mf')? 'Mutual fund' : 'ETF'"></rbc-tag></td>
										<td :class="{'b-blue-tint-5': i == searchResultsActive}"><a :href="(r.type == 'mf')? '/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/' : '/en/ca/products/etfs/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/'">{{r.fundCode}}</a></td>
					<td :class="{'b-blue-tint-5': i == searchResultsActive}"><a :href="(r.type == 'mf')? '/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/' : '/en/ca/products/etfs/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/'">{{r.fundName}}</a></td>
					<td :class="{'b-blue-tint-5': i == searchResultsActive}" v-html="r.series">{{r.series}}</td>
					<td :class="{'b-blue-tint-5': i == searchResultsActive}" v-html="r.assetClass">{{r.assetClass}}</td>
									</tr>
			</tbody>
	    </table>
	    <ul class="list-links">
	        <li class="mega-menu-search-results-item">
	            <component :is="searchTerm != ''? 'a': 'span'" :href="searchAllLink" class="link-chev">See all results</component>
	        </li>
	        <li class="mega-menu-search-results-item">
	            <component :is="searchTerm != ''? 'a': 'span'" :href="searchProductLink" class="link-chev">See results in Products</component>
	        </li>
	        <li class="mega-menu-search-results-item">
	        	<component :is="searchTerm != ''? 'a': 'span'" :href="searchInsightLink" class="link-chev">See results in Insights</component>
	        </li>
	    </ul>
	</div>
</rbc-mega-menu>
</div>
<div v-cloak>
	<rbc-modal
		:active="isharesModalIsActive"
		button-cancel="Close"
		button-size="medium"
		class="ishares"
		@toggle="isharesModalIsActive = false"
	>
		<div 
			slot="header"
			class="w-100 d-flex justify-content-between"
		>
			<img src="/_assets/images/logos/rbc-ishares-logo.svg" alt="RBC iShares" class="ishares-logo">
			<button 
				aria-label="Close"
				class="modal-close"
				@click="isharesModalIsActive = false"
			>
				<rbc-icon
					role="presentation"
					icon="times"
				/>
			</button>
		</div>
		<h2 class="h3">
			Welcome to the new RBC iShares digital experience.
		</h2>
		<p class="mt-1">
			Find all things ETFs here: <a href="/en/ca/products/etfs/etf-investment-strategies/">investment strategies</a>, <a href="/en/ca/products/etfs/">products</a>, <a href="/en/ca/insights/etf-insights">insights</a> and more.
		</p>

	</rbc-modal>
</div>                                    <!-- main container here -->
                                                                                                                                            
                                                                        <main id="main" v-cloak class="content-wrapper ">
                                                                             
          <rbc-hero  		 		 			:breadcrumb="[{text:'About us'},  {text:'Contact us'}]" 		 	 		 	data-location="Hero banner" 	:border="true" 	 	 	 	:card="false" 	card-position="left" 	 	category-color="sky" 	:center="false"  	  	 	  		:full-width="false" 		 	 	:image-bottom="false" 	subtitle="Ways to contact RBC GAM regional teams and submit general inquiries" 	 	title="Contact us" 	 	v-cloak > 	 </rbc-hero>  <div class="container px-0">  	  </div> 
<rbc-style>
    .hero-subtitle{
        width: 80%;
    }
                    
    .hero-energy-lines {
        width: 70%;
        right: -10;
        bottom: -15;
    }
    
    @media (max-width: 575.98px) {
        .hero-energy-lines {
            background-size: 200% auto;
            width: 100%;
        }
    }
</rbc-style>                <div class="content-body">  	  	   
                                                       
 	     	 
				  	                              			      	 		  		 	  	<rbc-block
										title=""
										footer-cta-link=""		footer-cta-text=""				footer-cta-align="left"
				class=" None"
		columns="12"
				disclaimer-trigger-label="Disclosure"
		data-location="Contact Us - (INDINV) Position 1"
	>
		<div class = "row">
    <div class = "col-lg-8">

        <h2>For individual investors</h2>

        <p>For general questions about the mutual funds and/or ETFs offered by RBC Global Asset Management please refer to the appropriate link below:</p>


        <rbc-expandable-container 
          :accordion="true"
          header="Contact us"
          button-close-all="Collapse all"
          button-open-all="Expand all"
        >   
            <rbc-expandable 
            :arrow="true" 
            :duration="200"
            >
                <div slot="trigger">
                   Mutual Funds
                </div>
        
                <div class="row">
                    <div class="col-md-3">
                        <rbc-button 
                        icon="envelope"  
                        link="mailto:rbcgam@rbc.com?subject=Inquiries-RBC GAM mutual funds"
                        color="primary"
                        size="large"
                    	outline
                    	style="padding:10px"
                        >Email Us</rbc-button>
                    </div>
                    <div class="col-md-3">
                        <rbc-button 
                        icon="phone"  
                        link="tel:1-800-463-3863"
                        color="primary"
                        size="large"
                    	outline
                    	style="height:10px;width:300px;padding:10px"
                        >1-800-463-3863</rbc-button>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <br>
                <p>This email does not have access to client information. If you have a question or request about your investment account (i.e. an address change, duplicate tax slip, how to make a withdrawal, etc), please contact the investment dealer where you hold your account.</p>
                <p>If your account is with RBC and you have access to RBC Royal Bank Online Banking, please sign in and send us a secure message, or contact us by phone.</p>
                <p>If you are an advisor, please sign-in to the RBC GAM website for personalized contact details.</p>
        
               
                <p class="disclaimer mt-3">NOTE : Regular, unencrypted email is not secure. Never include personal or confidential information (i.e. account numbers, address, etc.) in a regular email. To discuss your personal information with us safely, send us a message via the RBC Royal Bank Online Banking message centre or contact us by <a href="http://www.rbcroyalbank.com/email.html" onclick="return popupNewbrowser(this.href)" title="(opens new window)" target="_blank" class="link-ext"><span>phone</span></a>.</p>
                <p class="disclaimer">RBC will never ask you to provide, confirm or verify personal, login or account information through regular email or ask you to sign in to any online service. For more information please visit <a href="https://www.rbc.com/privacysecurity/ca/contact-us.html#email-website-fraud" onclick="return popupNewbrowser(this.href)" title="(opens new window)" target="_blank" class="link-ext"><span>Email &amp; Website Fraud</span></a>.</p>
                        
            </rbc-expandable>
            
            
            <rbc-expandable 
            :arrow="true" 
            :duration="200"
            >
                <div slot="trigger">
                   ETFs
                </div>
                
                <h4>RBC ETFs:</h4>
                <br>
          
                <div class="row">
                    <div class="col-md-3">
                        <rbc-button 
                        icon="envelope"  
                        link="mailto:etfs.investments@rbc.com?subject=Inquiries- RBC ETFs"
                        color="primary"
                        size="large"
                        style="padding:10px"
                    	outline
                        >Email Us</rbc-button>
                    </div>
                    <div class="col-md-3">
                        <rbc-button 
                        icon="phone"  
                        link="tel:1-855-722-3837"
                        color="primary"
                        size="large"
                        style="height:10px;width:300px;padding:10px"
                    	outline
                        >1-855-RBC-ETFS (722-3837)</rbc-button>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <br>
                        
                <h4>iShares ETFs<sup>†</sup>:</h4>
                <br>
        
                <div class="row">
                    <div class="col-md-3">
                        <rbc-button 
                        icon="envelope"  
                        link="mailto:BLKCanada@blackrock.com?subject=Inquiries - iShares ETFs"
                        color="primary"
                        size="large"
                        style="padding:10px"
                    	outline
                        >Email Us</rbc-button>
                    </div>
                    <div class="col-md-3">
                        <rbc-button 
                        icon="phone"  
                        link="tel:1-866-474-2737"
                        color="primary"
                        size="large"
                    	outline
                    	style="height:10px; width:300px; padding:10px"
                        >1-866-iShares (474-2737)</rbc-button>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <br>
                <p>This email does not have access to client information. If you have a question or request about your investment account (i.e. an address change, duplicate tax slip, etc), please contact the investment firm where you hold your account.</p>
                
               <p class="disclaimer mt-3">† iShares ETFs are managed by BlackRock Asset Management Canada Limited.
               <br>
        
        	    NOTE: Regular, unencrypted email is not secure. Never include personal or confidential information in a regular email. RBC will never ask you to provide, confirm or verify personal, login or account information through regular email or ask you to sign in to any online service. For more information please visit  <a href="https://www.rbc.com/privacysecurity/ca/contact-us.html#email-website-fraud" onclick="return popupNewbrowser(this.href)" title="(opens new window)" target="_blank" class="link-ext"><span>Email &amp; Website Fraud</span></a>.</p>
        
            </rbc-expandable>
                    
        </rbc-expandable-container>
    
            
        <hr class="section-block-my">
                
        
        <h2>For advisors</h2>
        <p>Please sign-in to the RBC GAM website for contact details to speak with our sales team, inquire about a transfer or request a duplicate tax slip.</p>
        <rbc-button 
        color="primary"
        outline
        link="/okta-login?url=/en/ca/about-us/contact-us"
        >Advisor login</rbc-button>
        
        <hr class="section-block-my">
        
        
        <h2>For institutional investors</h2>
        <p>If you're an institutional client, or interested in investing with us, please visit our <a href="https://institutional.phn.com/default.fs"target="_blank">institutional site </a> for contact information.</p>
        <br>

    </div>
    
    
    <div class = "col-lg-4">
        <div class="d-flex flex-column well">
            <h3>RBC Global Asset Management Regulatory Documents</h3>
            <br>
            <p>For the latest legal and regulatory documents related to RBC GAM mutual funds and RBC ETFs.</p>
            <br>
            <rbc-button full-width
            link="/en/ca/products/financial-reports-prospectuses">
			Learn more</rbc-button>
        </div>
    </div>
    
</div>

<!-- <hr class="section-block-my">
<h2>Media relations</h2>
<address class="section-block-spacer row">
    <rbc-caption
        avatar-align="top"
        avatar-size="large"
        avatar-text="BD"
        text="Brandon Dorey"
        class="col-lg-4 col-md-6 mb-lg-0 mb-1"
    >
        Corporate Communications, Canada<br>
RBC Global Asset Management
                        <br><rbc-icon type="regular" icon="envelope" class="c-secondary"></rbc-icon> <a href="mailto:Brandon.dorey@rbc.com">Brandon.dorey@rbc.com</a>
            </rbc-caption>
    <rbc-caption
        avatar-align="top"
        avatar-size="large"
        avatar-text="JT"
        text="Jean Francois Thibault"
        class="col-lg-4 col-md-6 mb-lg-0 mb-1"
    >
        Corporate Communications<br> 
RBC Global Asset Management
                        <br><rbc-icon type="regular" icon="envelope" class="c-secondary"></rbc-icon> <a href="mailto:jeanfrancois.thibault@rbc.com">jeanfrancois.thibault@rbc.com</a>
            </rbc-caption>
</address>
-->
		 		 	</rbc-block>
       	  	   
                                                       
				  	                              			      	 		 	 		 	   </div>

                            </main>
                                                                                    <footer v-cloak id="footers" class="footer style-focus-inverted"><div class="footer-top" data-location="Footer menu"><div class="container"><div class="row"><h2 class="sr-only">Footer</h2>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6"><h3 class="footer-header">Products
</h3><ul class="list-links footer-list"><li><a href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/" >Mutual funds</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/etfs/index" >RBC iShares ETFs</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/alternative-investments/" >Alternative investments</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6"><h3 class="footer-header">Investor information
</h3><ul class="list-links footer-list"><li><a href="/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/?tab=documents&fundfacts=true" >Fund facts (mutual funds)</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/etfs/index?tab=documents&fundfacts=true" >Fund facts (RBC iShares ETFs)</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/pfic-reporting" >PFIC reporting</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/financial-reports-prospectuses" >Regulatory documents</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/fund-governance/" >Fund governance</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/proxy-voting/" >Proxy voting</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/unclaimed-property" >Unclaimed property</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/products/important-investor-information" >Important investor information</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6"><h3 class="footer-header">About RBC GAM</h3><ul class="list-links footer-list"><li><a href="/en/global/corporate-story/" >Our story</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/about-us/news-releases" >Media centre</a></li><li><a href="/en/ca/about-us/contact-us" >Contact us</a></li><li><a href="https://jobs.rbc.com/ca/en" target="_blank" class="link-ext">Careers</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6"><h3 class="footer-header">Investing
</h3><ul class="list-links footer-list"><li><a href="/en/ca/about-us/ready-to-invest" >Ready to invest?</a></li></ul></div>	</div></div></div><div class="footer-bottom" data-location="Footer copyright"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-9 mb-lg-0 mb-1"><span class="d-block">
<sup>®</sup> / <sup>TM</sup> Trademark(s) of Royal Bank of Canada. Used under licence. iSHARES is a registered trademark of BlackRock, Inc., or its subsidiaries in the United States and elsewhere. Used under licence. © 2025 RBC Global Asset Management Inc. and BlackRock Asset Management Canada Limited. All rights reserved.
</span>
<ul class="list-separator footer-list-separator mt-half">
         <li>        <a href="https://www.rbc.com/privacysecurity/" target="_blank" class="link-ext">Privacy & security</a>    </li>              <li>        <a href="https://www.rbc.com/legal/" target="_blank" class="link-ext">Legal</a>    </li>              <li>        <a href="http://www.rbc.com/accessibility/" target="_blank" class="link-ext">Accessibility</a>    </li>              <li>        <a href="/en/ca/terms-and-conditions" >Terms and conditions</a>    </li>                         <li>            <!-- OneTrust Cookies Settings button start -->
        <a aria-label="Advertising & Cookies" id="openCookieSettings" role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="openCookieSettings(event);">Advertising & Cookies</a>            <!-- OneTrust Cookies Settings button end --> 
        </li>                      <li>        <a href="https://www.rbc.com/" target="_blank" class="link-ext">About RBC</a>    </li>     </ul></div><div class="col-lg-3 mt-lg-0 mt-2 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-end"><ul class="list-inline footer-social-list">
<li class="footer-social-item"><a  href="https://twitter.com/rbcgamnews"  target="_blank" class="footer-social-link"rel="noreferrer"aria-label="Twitter"
><svg class="icon x-twitter-icon" aria-label="twitter" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="18" width="18" viewBox="0 0 470 470">
    		    <path class="x-twitter-path" fill="#fff" d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z"/>
            </svg></a></li>
<li class="footer-social-item"><a href="https://linkedin.com/company/rbc-global-asset-management" target="_blank" class="footer-social-link"rel="noreferrer"><rbc-icon icon="linkedin-in"></rbc-icon></a></li></ul><rbc-button outline
link="#"size="small" color="white">Back to top</rbc-button></div></div></div></div></footer><div v-if="raptors" v-cloak id="raptorWrap" style="z-index: 999999999" aria-hidden="true"> <div id="chompOverlay"></div><svg id="raptor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 500 800"> <g id="tail" style="transform-origin: 190px 510px"> <path class="f-warm-red" d="M218.42 439.5s-90.22 28.15-132.08.65c-38.08-25.03-39.61-63.65-58.63-60.86S13.3 466.14 54.64 508.94s113.12 55.49 155.78 65.56z"/> <path class="f-dark-grey" d="M115.46 515.25l30.93 38.2-42.72-16.82 11.79-21.38zM82.09 497.83c.54 2.6 8.03 32.15 8.03 32.15l-23.49-15.41zM55.42 473.62l.2 27-17.81-20.64 17.61-6.36zM41.18 444.12l-7.1 24.46-10.07-29.01 17.17 4.55zM34.18 410.4L23.9 426.07l-1.72-21.28 11.99 5.63z"/> </g> <g id="legLeft" style="transform-origin: 265px 495px"> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-3" d="M326.13 667.83a10.88 10.88 0 0 1 9.45 4.7c2.26 3.28 6.81 9.97 15.84 9.97 20 0 27-5 42 3 14.32 7.64 14.26 29.46 10.02 43.58-3.26 10.88-9.88 15.06-12.75 16.4a5.76 5.76 0 0 1-2.44.55h-141.6a5.69 5.69 0 0 1-4.6-2.36c-1.89-2.59-3.63-11.17-3.63-24.17a358.12 358.12 0 0 1 2.28-41.94 7.26 7.26 0 0 1 6.88-6.27z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark-1" d="M243.28 750.5h150.28a2.24 2.24 0 0 0 1.88-2.47l.98-4.06a2.24 2.24 0 0 0-1.88-2.47H242.3a2.24 2.24 0 0 0-1.88 2.47l.98 4.06a2.24 2.24 0 0 0 1.88 2.47z"/> <rect class="f-warm-red-dark-1" x="332.44" y="674.92" width="13" height="25.38" rx="3.81" ry="3.81" transform="rotate(-152.95 338.94 687.6)"/> <rect class="f-warm-red-dark-1" x="353.26" y="679.49" width="13" height="24.93" rx="3.81" ry="3.81" transform="rotate(-176.16 359.76 691.96)"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark-1" d="M330.75 623.9v49.43s-5.25 14.6-49.33 16.17c-28 1-36.77-12-36.77-12l-2.87-55z"/> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-3" d="M321.28 485.18l13.7 140.14s-12.7 7.06-49.42 7.06-45.19-7.06-45.19-7.06l4.24-135.94z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M285.56 622.5c31.97 0 45.73-4.92 48.76-6.2l.66 9.02s-12.7 7.06-49.42 7.06-45.19-7.06-45.19-7.06l.35-9.08c1.9 1.14 12.2 6.26 44.84 6.26z"/> </g> <g id="legRight" style="transform-origin: 265px 495px"> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-2" d="M255.13 682.83a10.88 10.88 0 0 1 9.45 4.7c2.26 3.28 6.81 9.97 15.84 9.97 20 0 27-5 42 3 14.32 7.64 14.26 29.46 10.02 43.58-3.26 10.88-9.88 15.06-12.75 16.4a5.76 5.76 0 0 1-2.44.55h-141.6a5.69 5.69 0 0 1-4.6-2.36c-1.89-2.59-3.63-11.17-3.63-24.17a358.12 358.12 0 0 1 2.28-41.94 7.26 7.26 0 0 1 6.88-6.27z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M172.28 765.5h150.28a2.24 2.24 0 0 0 1.88-2.47l.98-4.06a2.24 2.24 0 0 0-1.88-2.47H171.3a2.24 2.24 0 0 0-1.88 2.47l.98 4.06a2.24 2.24 0 0 0 1.88 2.47z"/> <rect class="f-warm-red-dark" x="261.44" y="689.92" width="13" height="25.38" rx="3.81" ry="3.81" transform="rotate(-152.95 267.94 702.6)"/> <rect class="f-warm-red-dark" x="282.26" y="694.49" width="13" height="24.93" rx="3.81" ry="3.81" transform="scale(-1) rotate(3.84 21111.35 -8622.34)"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M259.75 638.9v49.43s-5.25 14.6-49.33 16.17c-28 1-36.77-12-36.77-12l-2.87-55z"/> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-2" d="M250.28 500.18l13.7 140.14s-12.7 7.06-49.42 7.06-45.19-7.06-45.19-7.06l4.24-135.94z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-tint-1" d="M177.42 642.5h51l-5-146h-43l-3 146z"/> <path class="f-warm-red" d="M214.56 637.5c31.97 0 45.73-4.92 48.76-6.2l.66 9.02s-12.7 7.06-49.42 7.06-45.19-7.06-45.19-7.06l.35-9.08c1.9 1.14 12.2 6.26 44.84 6.26z"/> <circle class="f-grey-light-tint-2" cx="202.92" cy="613" r="17.5"/> </g> <g id="jersey"> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-2" d="M338.07 510.97s-28.15 15.64-71.48 17.69c-54.65 2.58-102.26-13.49-102.26-13.49s-5.37-151.01 7.21-173.67c13.88-25 23.57-35 61.88-35 35.42 0 80.33 43.1 80.33 43.1s12.53-3.68 16.21 50.11c3.58 52.32 8.1 111.26 8.1 111.26z"/> <path class="s-dark-grey" d="M338.07 504.34s-28.15 15.64-71.48 17.69c-54.65 2.58-102.26-13.49-102.26-13.49"/> <path class="s-dark-grey" d="M338.07 496.97s-28.15 15.64-71.48 17.69c-54.65 2.58-102.26-13.49-102.26-13.49"/> <path class="f-warm-red-tint-1" d="M189.42 501.74V382a29.5 29.5 0 0 1 59 0v126.87a318.99 318.99 0 0 1-59-7.13z"/> </g> <path id="neck" class="f-warm-red-dark-1" d="M314.49 308.34c.62 1.24 2.55 40.04.59 50.63a2.42 2.42 0 0 1-3.46 1.73c-12.63-6.29-41.34-28.78-89.97-38.36-22.45-4.42-25.8-7.37-25.8-14.73s-10.31-36.11-10.31-36.11z"/> <g id="head" style="transform-origin: 270px 300px"> <g id="headBottom" style="transform-origin: 175px 230px"> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-3" d="M440.92 279s2-11-2-20-7-12-10-12-5 7-7 13c-2.02 6.07-7 15-7 15zM467.08 283s1.36-11-1.36-20-4.75-12-6.79-12-3.4 7-4.75 13a143.74 143.74 0 0 1-4.76 15zM478.25 281a112.54 112.54 0 0 0-.68-20c-1.36-9-2.38-12-3.4-12s-1.7 7-2.37 13c-.69 6.07-2.38 15-2.38 15zM404.3 273.04s6.76-8.9 7.27-18.74-.81-13.87-3.49-15.23-7.62 3.98-12.12 8.43c-4.56 4.5-13.04 10.2-13.04 10.2zM374.89 254.9s5.26-9.93 3.37-19.85-4.34-13.75-7.64-14.7-7.44 5.12-11.3 10.25c-3.93 5.18-11.88 12.17-11.88 12.17zM331.91 238.52s2.3-8.95-2.26-16.27-8-9.78-11.43-9.78-5.73 5.69-8.02 10.56c-2.32 4.94-8.02 12.2-8.02 12.2z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M117.47 223.6s-1.3 36.4 22.5 61.4 83.83 28 110.5 30 90.5 18 111.45 27 49.54 5 69.54-6 42.24-31.68 46.68-37c6.66-8 4.76-25 0-26s-28.58 0-49.54-4-34.52-21.07-58.1-28c-23.82-7-36.06-13.8-70.5-10-18.1 2-57.15-12-92.4-30z"/> </g> <g id="headTop" style="transform-origin: 175px 230px"> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M450.92 95s-2-14-15-17-33.34-2-46.67 8.5l37.67 2.5z"/> <path class="f-grey-light-tint-3" d="M410.38 157.85s5.29 9.85 4.25 19.65-2.97 13.57-5.82 14.5-6.91-5.13-10.66-10.22c-3.8-5.16-11.28-12.12-11.28-12.12zM438.12 147.04s4.92 9.13 3.92 18.23-2.82 12.62-5.5 13.48-6.46-4.73-9.96-9.45c-3.54-4.78-10.53-11.22-10.53-11.22zM458.17 134.45s5.98 7.17 7.4 15.12.86 11.22-.99 12.33-6.1-3.19-9.92-6.77a103.72 103.72 0 0 0-10.78-8.2zM469.32 130.36s5.4 7.52 7.97 14.78 2.88 10 1.9 10.6-4.65-4.06-7.9-7.98c-3.28-3.97-8.76-9.41-8.76-9.41zM378.63 172.06s5.8 7.86 5.41 16.63-2.03 12.39-4.76 13.64-7.07-3.45-11.06-7.36c-4.04-3.95-11.78-8.93-11.78-8.93zM348.23 189.56s5.24 6.65 4.4 14.44-2.62 11.08-5.35 12.33-6.72-2.69-10.41-5.94c-3.73-3.3-11.04-7.3-11.04-7.3z"/> <path class="f-warm-red" d="M180.94 111c-5.72 11-27.63 16-36.2 27s-31.44 58-26.67 93 100.02-3 120.02-4 80.02-12 93.35-20 103.92-49.71 119.07-57c22.86-11 33.34-19 19.05-44-13.2-23.09-34.29-19-42.86-22s-20-2-26.67 0-48.58 13-61.92 12-16.2 2-29.53-5-41.91-11-64.77-7-55.5 12.82-62.87 27z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M426.92 112c-7 6-12.04 11-23 10-8.27-.75-23.33-6.03-30.3-8.6a.57.57 0 0 0-.53 1c5.91 4.36 18.84 13.35 27.83 15.6 10.85 2.71 19.48 3.52 27-4 5-5 5.12-19.25-1-14z"/> <path class="f-dark-grey" d="M339.42 95.5c1.42 2.83-24 18-30 18-5.06 0-7.99-9.97-11.78-14.88a1.73 1.73 0 0 1 1.08-2.74c4.88-.88 14.04-2.38 19.7-2.38 8 0 20 0 21 2z"/> <g> <path class="f-warm-red-dark" d="M268.5 135.67a14 14 0 0 0-.15-14.2c-4.45-7.6-23.09-12.86-37.28-11.61-10.94.96-27.22 9.04-34.73 21.14-4.65 7.48-8.57 15.39-9.6 20.86-1.02 5.37 10.92-.12 15.28-1.26 4.23-1.1 66.49-14.93 66.49-14.93z"/> <path class="f-white" d="M269.77 139.26c3.2-6.56-13.47-20.25-27.94-23.7s-30.03 5.14-37.15 14.82-7.03 20.27-4.53 25.26c1.8 3.58 15.59-4.98 33.61-7.58s34.83-6.38 36-8.8z"/> <path class="f-dark-grey" d="M223.39 138.9a6.62 6.62 0 1 0-.15-13.25 6.79 6.79 0 0 0-4.46 1.73 46.31 46.31 0 0 1 1.58-9.27c6.62-2.96 14.18-4.28 21.47-2.54.7.16 1.42.36 2.14.58-2.15 2.92-5.89 7.33-5.82 13.7.05 4.33 1.65 12.3 2.71 17.12-2.32.38-4.7.75-7.1 1.1-.77.1-1.54.23-2.3.36a20.56 20.56 0 0 1-10.84-10.09 6.82 6.82 0 0 0 2.77.56z"/> <path class="f-warm-red-tint-1" d="M216.82 102.05s23.65-7.81 46.7 3.42a.55.55 0 0 1-.35 1.03c-8.7-1.9-29.45-5.38-45.1.34-13.46 4.91-23.19 14.53-28.22 20.47a.54.54 0 0 1-.88-.64c4.46-7.53 13.83-20.33 27.85-24.62z"/> <ellipse class="f-white-30" cx="230.35" cy="137.1" rx="4.77" ry="6.88"/> </g> </g> </g> <g id="armRight" style="transform-origin: 200px 375px"> <path class="f-warm-red" d="M209.86 341.5c-49.37 0-34.55 48.72-32.43 76.63 1.29 16.9 4.55 40.78 7.37 63.37s-8.5 37.51-5.9 51.58c3.7 19.9 23.28 25.79 33.17 25.79 16.94 0 38.28-9.31 39.79-21.37 1.47-11.79-5.16-28.74-1.48-32.42 4.48-4.48 16.18-2.06 15.48-15.47-.7-13.38-16.95-16.95-31.69-14 0 0-2.76-37.22 1.48-62.64 2.82-16.94 18.42-71.47-25.8-71.47z"/> <path class="s-warm-red-dark" d="M228.5 556.04c-.23-2.3 7.15-9.64 0-28.46M202.24 557.1s-5.23-18.66.05-30.65"/> </g> </svg><svg id="ball" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 130 130"> <circle class="f-dark-grey" cy="65" cx="65" r="63"/> <path class="ball" d="M9.93 30.52a63.16 63.16 0 0 1 16.76-3.68c21.39-1.95 35.56-3.72 42.12-5.26a28.96 28.96 0 0 0 14.7-8.08A51.94 51.94 0 0 0 49.6 1.86 65.2 65.2 0 0 0 9.92 30.52zM99.96 27.24a129.3 129.3 0 0 1 14.27-4.6A65.34 65.34 0 0 0 92.23 6a39.83 39.83 0 0 1-4.45 7.21 73.52 73.52 0 0 1 12.18 14.03z"/> <path class="ball" d="M9.11 98.14c3.28-7.7 11.6-21.88 31.94-37C68.9 40.43 87.63 32.36 97.09 28.42a71.08 71.08 0 0 0-11.26-12.95 31.81 31.81 0 0 1-16.33 9.05c-6.8 1.6-20.7 3.34-42.53 5.33A55.6 55.6 0 0 0 7.4 34.94a64.8 64.8 0 0 0 1.71 63.2zM101.65 29.82a119.24 119.24 0 0 1 8 14.7c7.63-1.79 14.03 1.34 18.42 4.79a64.79 64.79 0 0 0-11.72-24.1 133.8 133.8 0 0 0-14.7 4.6zM62.32.07a56.01 56.01 0 0 1 23.12 11.18 36.58 36.58 0 0 0 4.02-6.46A64.63 64.63 0 0 0 65 0c-.9 0-1.79.03-2.68.07zM116.42 104.7a64.69 64.69 0 0 0 12.66-50.53c-3.54-3.63-10.01-8.49-18.2-6.83a95.04 95.04 0 0 1 7.64 43.6 83.7 83.7 0 0 1-2.1 13.76z"/> <path class="ball" d="M107.96 48.2c-8.67 3.52-18.34 22.29-26.88 38.88-5.67 11.02-11.03 21.44-16.04 27.62a385.4 385.4 0 0 1-12.2 14.14 64.77 64.77 0 0 0 58.83-18.67 77.6 77.6 0 0 0 3.85-19.6c.72-10.5-.34-25.34-7.56-42.36z"/> <path class="ball" d="M78.4 85.7c9.17-17.83 18.65-36.24 28.34-40.26a116.62 116.62 0 0 0-7.94-14.46c-9.16 3.8-27.84 11.68-55.95 32.59-21.66 16.1-29.28 31.28-31.72 37.76a65.2 65.2 0 0 0 38.31 26.77 399.6 399.6 0 0 0 13.25-15.3c4.81-5.94 10.1-16.22 15.7-27.1z"/> </svg><svg id="net" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 246 225"> <path class="net-string" d="M138.22 54.74l-.13.15h.31l-.18-.15z"/> <path class="net-string" d="M148.29 213.56l17.64-21.93 28.98 32.42-.4-8.34c-.03-.49-2.37-48.8-2.37-79.15 0-32.4.92-57.67 12.81-87.68C216.82 18.93 238.78 7.95 239 7.85l-2.6-5.32c-.88.43-19.71 9.86-32.75 34.97l-34.03 39.1-20.49-25.47 8.05-44.83-5.82-1.04-8.13 45.28-21.9 22.94-21.9-22.94-8.12-45.28-5.83 1.04 8.05 44.83-20.5 25.47-34.02-39.1C25.97 12.4 7.14 2.96 6.25 2.53L3.66 7.85c.22.1 22.18 11.08 34.05 41.03 11.9 30.01 12.81 55.27 12.81 87.68 0 30.34-2.34 78.66-2.36 79.15l-.41 8.34 28.98-32.42 19.36 24.22 2.16-1.53 23.08-24.72 23.08 24.72 1.38 1.53zM185.9 106.3l-18.8 21.35-16.93-19.69 19.26-22.13zm.43 43.73L171 132.17l15.51-17.61a834.21 834.21 0 0 0-.17 35.46zm-81.82 10.52l16.81-18.82 16.81 18.82-16.81 19.1zm37.84-52.61l-21.03 24.16-21.03-24.16 21.03-24.46zm-24.67 28.99l-17.11 19.14-21.08-23.93 16.9-19.66zm7.28 0l21.29-24.45 16.9 19.66-21.08 23.93zm20.82-80.5l19.88 24.72-19.39 22.28-21.49-25zm-48.92 0l21 22-21.5 25L77 81.14zm-23.65 29.4l19.26 22.13-16.93 19.7-18.8-21.36zm-17.07 28.74l15.5 17.61-15.33 17.85a834.22 834.22 0 0 0-.17-35.46zm-10-59.83l23.12 26.56-14.04 17.45a179.22 179.22 0 0 0-9.07-44.01zm8.3 152.95c.41-9.4 1.07-25.52 1.52-41.87l17 21.14zm2.82-49.69l18.34-21.33 21 23.85-19.64 21.97zm39.56 49.18l-16.1-20.01 19.81-22.18 17.32 19.67zm49 0l-21.03-22.52 17.32-19.67 19.81 22.18zm19.86-24.69l-19.63-21.97 21-23.85 18.33 21.33zm4 4.47l17-21.14c.45 16.35 1.11 32.47 1.52 41.87zm17.74-88.21l-14.04-17.45 23.11-26.56a179.22 179.22 0 0 0-9.07 44z"/> <path class="net-string" d="M104.44 54.74l-.18.15h.3l-.12-.15z"/> <rect class="net-rim" y=".95" width="246" height="16" rx="8" ry="8"/> </svg></div>        </div>
    </div>

<script type="application/javascript">
// console.log('1')
    vueMounted.push(function (_self) {
        // console.log('BREADCRUMB', _self.breadcrumb.map(item => item.text).join('/'));
        for (item of _self.$children) {
            if (item._props !== undefined && item._props.breadcrumb) {
                // console.log('ITEM:', item._props.breadcrumb.map(item => item.text).join('/'));
                for(let i = 0; i <= window.dataLayer.length; i++) {
                    if (window.dataLayer[i] !== undefined && window.dataLayer[i].hasOwnProperty('page_breadcrumb')) {
                        window.dataLayer[i].page_breadcrumb = item._props.breadcrumb.map(item => item.text).join('/');
                    }
                }    
            }
            
        }
        
        
        // PASTE DELETED CODE HERE  
        
    });
    
    
    window.addEventListener('load', function() {
        for(let i = 0; i <= window.dataLayer.length; i++) {
            if (window.dataLayer[i] !== undefined && window.dataLayer[i].hasOwnProperty('page_breadcrumb')) {
                const url = new URL(window.location.href);
                const params = new URLSearchParams(url.search);
                    
                if (url.search.includes('tab')
                    || url.search.includes('series')
                    || url.search.includes('type')
                    || url.search.includes('currency')
                    || url.search.includes('region')
                    || url.search.includes('sortorder')
                    || url.search.includes('sort')
                    || url.search.includes('strategy')
                    || url.search.includes('date')
                    ) 
                {
                    window.dataLayer[i].series = params.get('series') ? params.get('series') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].type = params.get('type') ? params.get('type') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].currency = params.get('currency') ? params.get('currency') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].region = params.get('region') ? params.get('region') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].sortorder = params.get('sortorder') ? params.get('sortorder') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].sort = params.get('sort') ? params.get('sort') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].strategy = params.get('strategy') ? params.get('strategy') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].date = params.get('date') ? params.get('date') : undefined;
                    window.dataLayer[i].tab = params.get('tab') ? params.get('tab') : undefined;
                }
            }
        }
    })
    
    
</script>

<script>
vueData.raptors = false;
vueData.themeVersion = "wm2"
vueMethods.updateURL = function(paramName, paramValue, regexToExecute){ var re = new RegExp(regexToExecute,"g"); var currentQueryString = window.location.search; var newQueryString = currentQueryString.replace(re, ""); if(paramName != ""){ if(Array.isArray(paramName)){ newQueryString = (newQueryString == "")? "?" : "?" + newQueryString; newQueryString = newQueryString.replace("??", "?"); paramName.forEach(function(el, i){ newQueryString += "&" + el + "=" + paramValue[i];	 }); newQueryString = newQueryString.replace("?&", "?"); } else { newQueryString = (newQueryString == "")? "?" :  "?" + newQueryString + "&"; newQueryString = newQueryString.replace("??", "?").replace("?&", "?"); newQueryString += paramName + "=" + paramValue; } } var currentBaseUrl = (window.location.href.split("?").length > 0)? window.location.href.split("?")[0] : window.location.href; var updatedUrl = currentBaseUrl + newQueryString; window.history.replaceState({}, document.title, updatedUrl); }; </script>
<script>
vueData.server = "production";function setLocalStorage(name, value, exdays) {var d = new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime() + (exdays*24*60*60*1000));var expires = d.toUTCString();if(typeof window.localStorage != 'undefined'){
localStorage.setItem(name, value);localStorage.setItem(name + '-expiration', expires);}
}function getLocalStorage(name) {var d = Date.now();if(typeof window.localStorage != 'undefined' && Date.parse(window.localStorage.getItem(name + '-expiration')) > d){return localStorage.getItem(name);}else {return "";}}function deleteLocalStorage(name) {if(typeof window.localStorage != 'undefined'){
localStorage.removeItem(name);localStorage.removeItem(name+'-expiration');}
}/* Social media region */vueData.socialSharing = {"facebook": {"title":"Contact us","u": location.href,"description": "Ways to contact RBC GAM regional teams and submit general inquiries"},"linkedin": {"title": "Contact us","url": location.href,"summary": "Ways to contact RBC GAM regional teams and submit general inquiries"},"twitter": {"text": "Contact us - Ways to contact RBC GAM regional teams and submit general inquiries","url": location.href},"email": {"subject": "Contact us","body": "Ways to contact RBC GAM regional teams and submit general inquiries - " + location.href},};vueComputed.searchAllLink = function(){  	return '/en/ca/search-results/?q=' + encodeURIComponent(this.searchTerm); }; vueComputed.searchProductLink = function(){ 	return '/en/ca/search-results/?productsOnly=true&q=' + encodeURIComponent(this.searchTerm); }; vueComputed.searchInsightLink = function(){ 	return '/en/ca/search-results/?insightsOnly=true&q=' + encodeURIComponent(this.searchTerm); }; vueComputed.isMobile = function() {var check = false;(function(a){if(/(android|bb\d+|meego).+mobile|avantgo|bada\/|blackberry|blazer|compal|elaine|fennec|hiptop|iemobile|ip(hone|od)|iris|kindle|lge |maemo|midp|mmp|mobile.+firefox|netfront|opera m(ob|in)i|palm( os)?|phone|p(ixi|re)\/|plucker|pocket|psp|series(4|6)0|symbian|treo|up\.(browser|link)|vodafone|wap|windows ce|xda|xiino/i.test(a)||/1207|6310|6590|3gso|4thp|50[1-6]i|770s|802s|a wa|abac|ac(er|oo|s\-)|ai(ko|rn)|al(av|ca|co)|amoi|an(ex|ny|yw)|aptu|ar(ch|go)|as(te|us)|attw|au(di|\-m|r |s )|avan|be(ck|ll|nq)|bi(lb|rd)|bl(ac|az)|br(e|v)w|bumb|bw\-(n|u)|c55\/|capi|ccwa|cdm\-|cell|chtm|cldc|cmd\-|co(mp|nd)|craw|da(it|ll|ng)|dbte|dc\-s|devi|dica|dmob|do(c|p)o|ds(12|\-d)|el(49|ai)|em(l2|ul)|er(ic|k0)|esl8|ez([4-7]0|os|wa|ze)|fetc|fly(\-|_)|g1 u|g560|gene|gf\-5|g\-mo|go(\.w|od)|gr(ad|un)|haie|hcit|hd\-(m|p|t)|hei\-|hi(pt|ta)|hp( i|ip)|hs\-c|ht(c(\-| |_|a|g|p|s|t)|tp)|hu(aw|tc)|i\-(20|go|ma)|i230|iac( |\-|\/)|ibro|idea|ig01|ikom|im1k|inno|ipaq|iris|ja(t|v)a|jbro|jemu|jigs|kddi|keji|kgt( |\/)|klon|kpt |kwc\-|kyo(c|k)|le(no|xi)|lg( g|\/(k|l|u)|50|54|\-[a-w])|libw|lynx|m1\-w|m3ga|m50\/|ma(te|ui|xo)|mc(01|21|ca)|m\-cr|me(rc|ri)|mi(o8|oa|ts)|mmef|mo(01|02|bi|de|do|t(\-| |o|v)|zz)|mt(50|p1|v )|mwbp|mywa|n10[0-2]|n20[2-3]|n30(0|2)|n50(0|2|5)|n7(0(0|1)|10)|ne((c|m)\-|on|tf|wf|wg|wt)|nok(6|i)|nzph|o2im|op(ti|wv)|oran|owg1|p800|pan(a|d|t)|pdxg|pg(13|\-([1-8]|c))|phil|pire|pl(ay|uc)|pn\-2|po(ck|rt|se)|prox|psio|pt\-g|qa\-a|qc(07|12|21|32|60|\-[2-7]|i\-)|qtek|r380|r600|raks|rim9|ro(ve|zo)|s55\/|sa(ge|ma|mm|ms|ny|va)|sc(01|h\-|oo|p\-)|sdk\/|se(c(\-|0|1)|47|mc|nd|ri)|sgh\-|shar|sie(\-|m)|sk\-0|sl(45|id)|sm(al|ar|b3|it|t5)|so(ft|ny)|sp(01|h\-|v\-|v )|sy(01|mb)|t2(18|50)|t6(00|10|18)|ta(gt|lk)|tcl\-|tdg\-|tel(i|m)|tim\-|t\-mo|to(pl|sh)|ts(70|m\-|m3|m5)|tx\-9|up(\.b|g1|si)|utst|v400|v750|veri|vi(rg|te)|vk(40|5[0-3]|\-v)|vm40|voda|vulc|vx(52|53|60|61|70|80|81|83|85|98)|w3c(\-| )|webc|whit|wi(g |nc|nw)|wmlb|wonu|x700|yas\-|your|zeto|zte\-/i.test(a.substr(0,4))) check = true;})(navigator.userAgent||navigator.vendor||window.opera);return check;};vueComputed.socialSharingLink = function() {var _self = this;var facebookLink = "https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?";var linkedinLink = "https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle/?mini=true&";var twitterLink = "https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?";var emailLink = "mailto:?";var facebookFilled = false;var linkedinFilled = false;var twitterFilled = false;var emailFilled = false;Object.keys(_self.socialSharing.facebook).forEach(function(k){if(_self.socialSharing.facebook[k] != ""){if(facebookFilled) facebookLink += "&";facebookFilled = true;facebookLink += k + "=" + _self.socialSharing.facebook[k];}});Object.keys(_self.socialSharing.linkedin).forEach(function(k){if(_self.socialSharing.linkedin[k] != ""){if(linkedinFilled) linkedinLink += "&";linkedinFilled = true;linkedinLink += k + "=" + _self.socialSharing.linkedin[k];}});Object.keys(_self.socialSharing.twitter).forEach(function(k){if(_self.socialSharing.twitter[k] != ""){if(twitterFilled) twitterLink += "&";twitterFilled = true;twitterLink += k + "=" + _self.socialSharing.twitter[k];}});Object.keys(_self.socialSharing.email).forEach(function(k){if(_self.socialSharing.email[k] != ""){if(emailFilled) emailLink += "&";emailFilled = true;emailLink += k + "=" + _self.socialSharing.email[k];}});return {"facebook": facebookFilled && facebookLink,"linkedin": linkedinFilled && linkedinLink,"twitter": twitterFilled && twitterLink,"email": emailFilled && emailLink}};/* End Social media region */vueData.locationAlertClosed = getLocalStorage("locationAlert") ? true : false ;vueMethods.closeLocationAlert = function(e){this.locationAlertClosed = true;setLocalStorage("locationAlert", false, 365);dataLayer.push({ 'event' :  'rbcwmEvent', 'data-analytics' :  '19', 'data-label' :  'location detection close' }); };vueData.breakingPoint = '';vueData.searchResults = [];vueData.searchResultsActive = -1;vueData.searchTerm = '';vueData.activeMenuItem = null;vueData.activeMenuItem = 3;vueData.nav = {"currentLanguage": {"id": "en","text": "EN","country": "Canada"},"languages": [{"id": 'ca',"country": 'Canada',"languages": [{"id": 'ca-en',"languageCode": "en","countryCode": "ca","text": 'EN',"dotcmsId": 1},{"id": 'ca-fr',"languageCode": "fr","countryCode": "ca","text": 'FR',"dotcmsId": 3},{"id": 'ca-zh-Hans',"languageCode": "zh","countryCode": "ca","text": '简中',"dotcmsId": 4},{"id": 'ca-tc',"languageCode": "zh-hant","countryCode": "ca","text": '繁中',"dotcmsId": 5}]},],secondaryLinks: [{name: 'RBC GAM Institutional',id: 'RBCGAMInstitutional',children: [{name:'Canada (PH&N Institutional)',id: 'Canada(PH&NInstitutional)',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/ca/',target: '_blank'},{name:'United States',id: 'UnitedStates',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/us/',target: '_blank'},{name:'Europe',id: 'Europe',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/europe/',target: '_blank'},{name:'Asia-Pacific',id: 'Asia-Pacific',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/asia/',target: '_blank'},{name:'Middle-East & Africa',id: 'Middle-East&Africa',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/mea/',target: '_blank'},{name:'Latin America & Caribbean',id: 'LatinAmerica&Caribbean',link: 'https://institutional.rbcgam.com/en/latin-america/',target: '_blank'}]},{name: 'Other RBC sites',id: 'OtherRBCsites',children: [{name:"RBC Banking",id: 'RBCBanking',link: 'https://www.rbcroyalbank.com',target: '_blank'},{name:"PH&N Investment Services",id: 'PH&NInvestmentServices',link: 'https://www.phn.com/',target: '_blank'},{name:"RBC Indigo Asset Management",id: 'RBCIndigoAssetManagement',link: 'https://www.rbcindigo.com',target: '_blank'},{name:"RBC Wealth Management",id: 'RBCWealthManagement',link: 'https://www.rbcwealthmanagement.com/',target: '_blank'},{name:"RBC Insurance",id: 'RBCInsurance',link: 'https://www.rbcinsurance.com/',target: '_blank'},{name:"RBC Capital Markets",id: 'RBCCapitalMarkets',link: 'https://www.rbccm.com/',target: '_blank'},{name:"RBC Investor Services",id: 'RBCInvestorServices',link: 'https://www.rbcits.com/',target: '_blank'}]}],		"userGreeting": "Advisor sign in","userGreetingLink": "/en/okta-login?&url=/en/ca/about-us/contact-us","flagText": "For information purposes only","links": [			{
			"id": "nav.products",
			"name": "Products",
			"title": "Products",
			"separator": "nav.products" == "nav.tools",
			"summary": "",
							"children": [
																		{
																"id": "nav.products.mutualfunds",
								"name": "Mutual funds",
								"title": "Mutual funds",
								"summary": "",
																	"children": [
																																																				{ /* true */
																								"id": "Mutual funds list",
												"name": "Mutual funds list",
												"title": "Mutual funds list",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/index"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.products.aboutmutualfunds",
												"name": "About RBC mutual funds",
												"title": "About RBC mutual funds",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/about/"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "RBC Fixed Income Pools",
												"name": "RBC Fixed Income Pools",
												"title": "RBC Fixed Income Pools",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-fixed-income-pools"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.products.rbcportfoliosolutions",
												"name": "RBC Portfolio Solutions",
												"title": "RBC Portfolio Solutions",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/rbc-portfolio-solutions/"
												},																																																																																																																																																																			]
															},																								{
																"id": "nav.products.etfs",
								"name": "ETFs",
								"title": "ETFs",
								"summary": "",
																	"children": [
																																																				{ /* true */
																								"id": "ETFs list",
												"name": "ETFs list",
												"title": "ETFs list",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/etfs/index"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "About RBC iShares ETFs",
												"name": "About RBC iShares ETFs",
												"title": "About RBC iShares ETFs",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/etfs/rbc-ishares"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.products.etfinvestmentstrategies",
												"name": "ETF investment strategies",
												"title": "ETF investment strategies",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/etfs/etf-investment-strategies/"
												}																																							]
															},																								{
																"id": "nav.products.alternativeinvestments",
								"name": "Alternative investments",
								"title": "Alternative investments",
								"summary": "",
																	"children": [
																																																				{ /* true */
																								"id": "Alternative investments list",
												"name": "Alternative investments list",
												"title": "Alternative investments list",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/alternative-investments/index"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.products.aboutalternativeinvestments",
												"name": "About RBC alternative investments",
												"title": "About RBC alternative investments",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/products/alternative-investments/about/"
												}																																							]
															}															]
					},				{
			"id": "nav.insights",
			"name": "Insights",
			"title": "Insights",
			"separator": "nav.insights" == "nav.tools",
			"summary": "",
							"link": "/en/ca/insights/"
					},				{
			"id": "nav.learnplan",
			"name": "Learn & plan",
			"title": "Learn & plan",
			"separator": "nav.learnplan" == "nav.tools",
			"summary": "",
							"children": [
																		{
																"id": "nav.learnplan.typesofinvestments",
								"name": "Types of investments",
								"title": "Types of investments",
								"summary": "",
																	"children": [
																																																				{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.learnplan.whataremutualfunds",
												"name": "All about mutual funds",
												"title": "All about mutual funds",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/mutual-funds/"
												},																																																						{ /* true */
																								"id": "nav.learnplan.whatareetfs",
												"name": "ETF Learning Centre",
												"title": "ETF Learning Centre",
												"summary": "",
												"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/types-of-investments/etfs/"
												}																																							]
															},																								{
																"id": "Retirement resource centre",
								"name": "Retirement resource centre",
								"title": "Retirement resource centre",
								"summary": "Your one-stop retirement resource centre. Learn about all phases of the retirement journey -- from starting early to living in retirement.",
																"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/retirement-resources"
															},																								{
																"id": "Investment basics",
								"name": "Investment basics",
								"title": "Investment basics",
								"summary": "Learn about the basic principles of investing to make smarter decisions about your money.",
																"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/investment-basics"
															},																								{
																"id": "Investment strategies",
								"name": "Investment strategies",
								"title": "Investment strategies",
								"summary": "Learn strategies to help you identify your goals and gain a deeper understanding of the investing world.",
																"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/investment-strategies"
															},																								{
																"id": "Learn & plan",
								"name": "Learn & plan",
								"title": "Learn & plan",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/learn-plan/index"
															}															]
					},				{
			"id": "nav.aboutus",
			"name": "About us",
			"title": "About us",
			"separator": "nav.aboutus" == "nav.tools",
			"summary": "",
							"children": [
																		{
																"id": "Our story",
								"name": "Our story",
								"title": "Our story",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/about-us/our-story"
															},																								{
																"id": "Responsible investment",
								"name": "Responsible investment",
								"title": "Responsible investment",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/about-us/ri"
															},																								{
																"id": "Our teams",
								"name": "Our teams",
								"title": "Our teams",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/about-us/our-teams"
															},																								{
																"id": "RBC iShares",
								"name": "RBC iShares",
								"title": "RBC iShares",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/about-us/about-rbc-ishares"
															},																								{
																"id": "Leadership",
								"name": "Leadership",
								"title": "Leadership",
								"summary": "",
																"link": "/en/ca/about-us/leadership"
															}															]
					},			
]};vueData.isharesModalIsActive = false;

window.SpeechRecognition = window.SpeechRecognition || window.webkitSpeechRecognition;vueData.SpeechRecognitionEnabled = (window.SpeechRecognition)? true:false;vueData.recognition = null;vueData.voiceIconColor = null;vueData.voiceLabel = "Search&nbsp;by&nbsp;voice";vueMethods['searchToggled'] = function(){var _self = this;var defaultLabel = "Search&nbsp;by&nbsp;voice";if(window.SpeechRecognition && _self.recognition == null){_self.recognition = new SpeechRecognition();_self.recognition.continuous = true;_self.recognition.lang = "en-US";_self.recognition.onstart = function(e){dataLayer.push({ 'event' :  'rbcwmEvent', 'data-analytics' :  '19', 'data-label': 'search voice'});_self.voiceIconColor = "red";_self.voiceLabel = "Listening...";};_self.recognition.onend = function(e){_self.voiceIconColor = null;_self.voiceLabel = "Search&nbsp;by&nbsp;voice";};_self.recognition.onresult = function(e){var results = e.results;for(var i = 0; i < results.length ; i++){if(results[i].isFinal){_self.$refs.megamenu.searchTerm = results[0][0].transcript;_self.searchTerm = results[0][0].transcript;_self.megaSearch(_self.searchTerm);_self.recognition.stop();}}};_self.recognition.start();}else {_self.recognition.stop();_self.recognition = null;_self.$refs.megamenu.searchTerm = "";_self.searchTerm = "";}};
let timerForSearch = null;

vueMethods['megaSearchKeyUp'] = function(e){
clearTimeout(timerForSearch);

timerForSearch = setTimeout(() => {

if (e.target.value.trim() !== '' ) {
    dataLayer.push({
        event: "view_search_results",
        search_results_num: _self.searchResults.length,
        method: 'generic search',
        search_term: _self.searchTerm,
        
    })   
    }
}, 1000)

var key = e.key.toLowerCase();var _self = this;if(key.indexOf('enter') > -1 && _self.searchResultsActive == -1){var encodedQuery = encodeURIComponent(_self.searchTerm);
location.href = '/en/ca/search-results/?q=' + encodedQuery;}else if(key.indexOf('enter') > -1 && _self.searchResultsActive > -1){var r = _self.searchResults[_self.searchResultsActive];dataLayer.push({ 'event' : 'rbcwmPageview', 'virtualpath' : '/en/ca/virtual/search-results-megasearch/?q=' + _self.searchTerm, 'virtualtitle' : 'Virtual Search Results','data-searchterm' : _self.searchTerm, 'data-totalresults': _self.searchResults.length});
location.href = (r.type == 'mf')? '/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/' : '/en/ca/products/etfs/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/';}else if(key.indexOf('down') > -1 && _self.searchResultsActive < (_self.searchResults.length - 1)){_self.searchResultsActive++;}else if(key.indexOf('up') > -1 && _self.searchResultsActive >  - 1){_self.searchResultsActive--;}};vueMethods['megaSearchResultClick'] = function(r, e){const outbound = e.target.closest('a') ? e.target.closest('a').hostname !== window.location.hostname : false;
console.log('Hello');
var _self = this;if(e.target.classList.value.indexOf('briefcase') == -1){dataLayer.push({ 'event' : 'rbcwmPageview', 'virtualpath' : '/en/ca/virtual/search-results-megasearch/?q=' + _self.searchTerm, 'virtualtitle' : 'Virtual Search Results','data-searchterm' : _self.searchTerm, 'data-totalresults': _self.searchResults.length});window.dataLayer.push({
    event: 'click_search_results',
    event_type: 'search',
    method: 'generic search', 
    link_text: e.target.textContent,
    link_url: _self.getLinkUrl(e),
    link_domain: window.location.hostname,
    outbound: outbound,
});

location.href = (r.type == 'mf')? '/en/ca/products/mutual-funds/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/' : '/en/ca/products/etfs/' + r.fundCode + '/detail/';}};vueMethods['megaSearch'] = function(e){var _self = this;_self.searchResultsActive = -1;if(e != ""){_self.searchTerm = e;fetch("/en/ca/megamenu-search?search=" + e).then(function(response){ return response.json();}).then(function(data){ _self.searchResults = data.data;}).catch(function(e){_self.searchResults = [];})}else {_self.searchResults = [];_self.searchTerm = '';}};

vueMethods['toggleLanguage'] = function(e) {
    console.log("toggleLanguage", e);
    if (e.countryCode !== "ca"){
        if(e.countryCode === "gb") {
            location.href = "/en/landing?preselect=eu";
        } else if(e.countryCode === "us") {
            location.href = "/en/landing?preselect=us";
        } else if(e.countryCode === "asia-pacific") {
            location.href = "/en/landing?preselect=ap";
        } else if(e.countryCode === "americas-offshore") {
            location.href = "/en/landing?preselect=ao";
        } else {
            location.href = "/en/landing";
        }
    } else {
        var currentUrl = "/en/ca/about-us/contact-us";
        this.nav.languages
            .flatMap(l => l.languages).map(l=>l.languageCode)
            .filter((v, i, a) => a.indexOf(v) === i)
            .forEach(l => currentUrl = currentUrl.replace(`/${l}/`,"/"));

            let newQueryString = "";
            location.href = "/" +e.languageCode + currentUrl + newQueryString;
    }
};

vueMethods.mobileSearch = function(e){location.href = '/en/ca/search-results/?q=' + e;}


vueMethods.getLinkUrl = function(event) {
    const element = vueMethods.findAncestorLinkElement(event.target);
    return vueMethods.getLinkUrlHelper(element && element.href);
}
    
vueMethods.findAncestorLinkElement = function(target) {
        let a = target;
        while (a && a.tagName !== 'A') {
            a = a.parentNode;
        }
        return a && a.tagName === 'A' ? a : null;
    }
    
vueMethods.getLinkUrlHelper = function(url) {
        if (!url) {
            return '';
        }
        
        const isAbsoluteUrl = /^([a-z][a-z\d+\-.]*:)?\/\//i.test(url);
        return isAbsoluteUrl ? url : window.location.origin + url;
    }

</script>
<script>
Vue.component('rbc-video', {template: '<div class="rbc-video"><div :style="embedStyle" :class="[aspectRatio ? \'embed-responsive-\' + aspectRatio : null]" class="embed-responsive"><video ref="player" v-bind="$attrs" :data-video-id="videoId" :data-playlist-id="playlistId" :data-account="account" :data-player="player" data-embed="default" data-application-id class="video-js embed-responsive-item rbc-video-player" controls></video></div><div v-if="playlistId" class="vjs-playlist"></div></div>',
inheritAttrs: false,props: {aspectRatio: { type: String, default: '16by9' },account: { type: String, default: '3187797751001' },embedStyle: [String, Object, Array],options: Object,player: { type: String, default: 'Un1ElmKR2T' },playlistId: String,videoId: String},beforeMount: function() {var scriptId = this.playlistId ? 'bcPlaylistScript' : 'bcVideoScript';var body = document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0];if (!document.getElementById(scriptId) && body) {var script = document.createElement('script');script.type = 'text/javascript';script.id = scriptId;script.src = '//players.brightcove.net/' + this.account + '/' + this.player  + '_default/index.min.js';body.appendChild(script);}},mounted: function() {if (typeof bc !== 'undefined') {bc(this.$refs.player, this.options);}}});vueMethods.formatNumber = window.formatNumber;vueMethods.formatCurrency = window.formatCurrency;vueMethods.decimal = window.decimal;vueMethods.leadingZero = window.leadingZero;var vueApp = new Vue({el: "#app",components: {'rbc-alert': wm.Alert,'rbc-autocomplete': wm.Autocomplete,'rbc-badge': wm.Badge,'rbc-block': wm.Block,'rbc-breadcrumb': wm.Breadcrumb,'rbc-button': wm.Button,'rbc-toggle': wm.ButtonToggle,'rbc-toggle-container': wm.ButtonToggleContainer,'rbc-caption': wm.Caption,'rbc-card': wm.Card,'rbc-checkbox': wm.Checkbox,'rbc-datatable': wm.DataTable,'rbc-datatable-paginator': wm.DataTablePaginator,'rbc-datepicker': wm.DatePicker,'rbc-dropdown': wm.Dropdown,'rbc-expandable': wm.Expandable,'rbc-expandable-container': wm.ExpandableContainer,'rbc-hero': wm.Hero,'rbc-icon': wm.Icon,'rbc-input': wm.Input,'rbc-layout': wm.Layout,'rbc-link-card': wm.LinkCard,'rbc-link-card-container': wm.LinkCardContainer,'rbc-media-card': wm.MediaCard,'rbc-mega-menu': wm.MegaMenu,'rbc-menu': wm.Menu,'rbc-menu-item': wm.MenuItem,'rbc-modal': wm.Modal,'rbc-multiselect': wm.MultiSelect,'rbc-point': wm.Point,'rbc-progressbar': wm.ProgressBar,'rbc-radio': wm.Radio,'rbc-script': wm.Script,'rbc-select': wm.Select,'rbc-side-nav': wm.SideNav,'rbc-side-nav-item': wm.SideNavItem,'rbc-slider': wm.Slider,'rbc-snackbar': wm.Snackbar,'rbc-snackbar-container': wm.SnackbarContainer,'rbc-sort': wm.Sort,'rbc-speech': wm.Speech,'rbc-spinner': wm.Spinner,'rbc-stepper': wm.Stepper,'rbc-stepper-container': wm.StepperContainer,'rbc-stepper-content': wm.StepperContent,'rbc-style': wm.Style,'rbc-switch': wm.Switch,'rbc-tab': wm.Tab,'rbc-tab-content': wm.TabContent,'rbc-tag': wm.Tag,'rbc-textarea': wm.Textarea,'rbc-tooltip': wm.Tooltip,'rbc-top-nav': wm.TopNav,'rbc-top-nav-item': wm.TopNavItem,'rbc-transition': wm.Transition,'rbc-transition-height': wm.TransitionHeight,'rbc-transition-number': wm.TransitionNumber},data: vueData,computed: vueComputed,watch: vueWatch,mounted: function(){var _self = this;var displayNoneSyntax = "dBREAKINGPOINT-none";var displayInlineSyntax = "dBREAKINGPOINT-inline";var breakingPoints = ['', '-sm', '-md', '-lg', '-xl'];breakingPoints.forEach(function(bp, index){var bpNoneSyntax = displayNoneSyntax.replace("BREAKINGPOINT", (bp != '')? bp : '');var bpInlineSyntax = (index + 1 < breakingPoints.length)? displayInlineSyntax.replace("BREAKINGPOINT", breakingPoints[index + 1]) : '';var spanEl = document.createElement("SPAN");spanEl.setAttribute("id", 'is' + bp.replace('-', ''));spanEl.classList.add(bpNoneSyntax);if(bpInlineSyntax != '') spanEl.classList.add(bpInlineSyntax);spanEl.style.width = 0;spanEl.style.height = 0;document.body.appendChild(spanEl);if(window.getComputedStyle(spanEl,null).getPropertyValue('display') == "none"){if(bp == ""){bp = 'xs';}_self.breakingPoint = bp.replace('-', '');}});document.addEventListener("keyup", function(e){if(e.ctrlKey && e.shiftKey && e.key.toLowerCase() == 'f'){_self.$refs.megamenu.$_MegaMenu_showSearch();}else if(e.ctrlKey && e.shiftKey && e.key.toLowerCase() == 'v'){_self.$refs.megamenu.$_MegaMenu_showSearch();_self.searchToggled();}});if(window.addEventListener/* && window.atob*/){var arr=[],str=atob("MzgsMzgsNDAsNDAsMzcsMzksMzcsMzksNjYsNjU=");window.addEventListener("keydown",function(e){arr.push(e.keyCode);if(arr.toString().indexOf(str)>=0){vueData.raptors=true;arr=[];};},true);};
vueMounted.forEach(function(f){f(_self);});},methods: vueMethods});
</script><script> setTimeout(function(){ var videoIframes = document.querySelectorAll(".brightcoveIframe"); Array.prototype.forEach.call(videoIframes, function(el){ el.contentWindow.postMessage({'gaID':"", 'url': window.location.href}, '*'); }); }, 1000); </script> 
<script>
    
    // SHARE ON SOCIAL MEDIA
    
    document.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
        const socialMediaShares = e.target.closest('[data-location="Share this article sidebar"] a');
        if(socialMediaShares) {
    	    const ariaLabelMethod = e?.srcElement?.ariaLabel;
    	    dataLayer.push({
    	        event: 'share',
                method: ariaLabelMethod === 'envelope' ? 'email' : (ariaLabelMethod?.split(' ')[0] || ''),
                content_name: document.getElementsByClassName('hero-header')[0]?.innerHTML,
                link_text: document.getElementsByClassName('hero-header')[0]?.innerHTML,
                link_domain: window.location.hostname,
                link_url: window.location.href, 
                content_type: window.location.pathname.split('/')[3],
                content_id: '3f652cf8-635c-4e98-9326-191fc3ac0ea0',
                location_id: getLocationId(e.target), 
    	        }); 
    	}
});

const h4Elements = document.querySelectorAll('div > h4');
h4Elements.forEach((h4Element) => {
  const trimmedText = h4Element.textContent.trim();
  if (trimmedText === 'Share this profile' || trimmedText === 'Share this podcast' ||
      trimmedText === 'Partager cette baladodiffusion' || trimmedText === 'Partager ce profil') {
    const targetDiv = h4Element.parentElement;
    const anchorLinks = targetDiv.querySelectorAll('a');
    anchorLinks.forEach((element) => {
      element.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
          
          if (e.target.closest('[data-location="Share this article sidebar"] a')) {
              return;
          }
          
        const ariaLabelMethod = e?.srcElement?.ariaLabel;
        const contentType = trimmedText === 'Share this podcast' || trimmedText === 'Partager cette baladodiffusion' ? 'podcast' : 'team';
        const locationId = trimmedText;
    	    dataLayer.push({
    	        event: 'share',
                method: ariaLabelMethod === 'envelope' ? 'email' : (ariaLabelMethod?.split(' ')[0] || ''),
                content_name: document.getElementsByClassName('hero-header')[0]?.innerHTML,
                link_text: document.getElementsByClassName('hero-header')[0]?.innerHTML,
                link_domain: window.location.hostname,
                link_url: window.location.href, 
                content_type: contentType,
                content_id: '3f652cf8-635c-4e98-9326-191fc3ac0ea0',
                location_id: locationId, 
    	        }); 
      });
    });
  }
});

</script>
<!-- OneTrust Cookies Settings button end --> 
<script type="application/javascript">
  window.openCookieSettings = function(e) {
    e.preventDefault();
    OneTrust.ToggleInfoDisplay();
  };

  window.handleKeydown = function(event) {
    if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {
      event.preventDefault();
      openCookieSettings(event);
    }
  };

  // Attach the keydown listener when the DOM is loaded.
  document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
    var btn = document.getElementById('openCookieSettings');
    if (btn) {
      btn.addEventListener('keydown', window.handleKeydown);
    }
  });
</script>
<!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice end for rbcgam.com -->

<!-- Accessibility scripts --> 
<script type="application/javascript">
    let expandMenuButton = document.querySelector("#hamburgerMenuButton");
    let megaSeparator = document.querySelector(".mega-menu-separator");
    if (expandMenuButton) {
        expandMenuButton.tabIndex = 0;
    }
    if (megaSeparator) {
        megaSeparator.removeAttribute("role");
    }
</script>
<!-- Accessibility scripts end --> 


<script src="/application/themes/rbcgam/js/analytics-service.js"></script>

<!-- Loading time: 224 -->
</body>
</html> <!-- Loading time not cached: 229 -->